空间目标全极化逆合成孔径雷达成像和特征提取研究

Fully polarimetric inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging of space targets is an essential technology to observe satellites and space shuttle. Through polarimetric mechanism analysis, fully polarimetric ISAR imaging is potential of providing a effective approach to extracting some key feature of target. There are still some deficencies in ISAR imaging of space targets, including low precsion and difficulties in feature extraction and information mining. For the sake of effective analysis of essential mission payloads and achievement of their characteristic parameters for space targets, the program will develop the research on high-precision fully polarimetric ISAR imaging and feature extraction methodologies. The main content of this program includes three aspects. First, track information-aided imaging methodology is focused on in terms of both high precision and robustness under complex working environments, which also paves a way to the image quality enhancement and feature extraction. The second aspect lies in the image quality enhancement by exploiting fully polarimetric information, where resolution, focusing and geometric enhancement is mainly concentrated in the content. The last part of this program aims at developing effective aspect-dependent polarimetric scattering mechanism model joint with the attributed scatting model, which forms the fundament for polarimetric feature extraction and attributed parameters from multiple-aspects ISAR images. A feature and parameter set will develop in terms of target component discrimination and feature parameter estimation. The project will technically support the application of fully polarimetric ISAR technology in both civil economy and national defense areas.

空间目标极化逆合成孔径雷达成像是指利用全极化雷达对卫星、航天飞机等人造功能目标进行高分辨雷达成像，通过极化散射机理分析目标后特性可提取目标的重要特征信息。目前空间目标成像存在精度偏低，信息提取困难等问题，本项目将开展全极化ISAR高精度成像与特征提取研究，主要包括三个方面。首先，结合空间目标的本质特性，研究轨道信息辅助的稳健高精度成像方法，为后续的质量增强和参数反演奠定数据基础；其次，结合全极化的信号特点，研究极化信息保持的成像质量增强，主要包括对聚焦、分辨和目标几何表征的性能增强；最后，拟组合极化散射机理模型与属性散射中心模型建立姿态依赖的参数化模型，基于此模型实现极化特征提取，并通过建立用于部件鉴别和确认的特征集，通过电磁仿真构建外部知识辅助的未知和确定典型部件的提取和特征参数反演方法。项目的研究将为加强全极化ISAR成像技术在国民经济与国防建设的应用提供重要技术支撑。

空间目标极化逆合成孔径雷达成像是指利用全极化雷达对卫星、航天飞机等人造功能目标进行高分辨雷达成像，通过极化散射机理分析目标后特性可提取目标的重要特征信息。目前空间目标成像存在精度偏低，信息提取困难等问题。针对以上两个难点问题，本项目开展了全极化ISAR高精度成像与特征提取研究，主要包括三个方面。首先，结合空间目标的本质特性，研究轨道信息辅助的稳健高精度成像方法，为后续的质量增强和参数反演奠定了模型基础，并建立了多项实用方法；其次，结合全极化的信号特点，研究了极化信息保持的成像质量增强，主要包括对聚焦、分辨和目标几何表征的性能增强，建立了对应的多项新算法；最后，拟组合极化散射机理模型与属性散射中心模型建立姿态依赖的参数化模型，基于此模型实现极化特征提取，并通过建立用于部件鉴别和确认的特征集，建立了一系列电磁仿真构建外部知识辅助的未知和确定典型部件的提取和特征参数反演方法。项目的研究将还包括二十于篇论文和多项专利。