轻小型永磁封装的Ku波段高功率衍射输出相对论磁控管研究

Now, the strongest military and industrial applications require the High Power Microwave (HPM) source must have advantages such as small size, light weight, portability, high radiation frequency, high power conversion efficiency, high stability and long life time. But the traditional HPM sources, which have been widely studied, can not completely meet the requirements. Recently, after a unique relativistic magnetron with diffraction output (MDO) being gradually known, there is a best solution to satisfy the requirements by employing MDO. On the basis of our prior work, we will use theoretical analysis, particle-in-cell simulation and experimental investigation to finally develop a compact and magnets coating Ku-band high power MDO. In this project, through inner physical phenomenon and principles being deeply considered, the factors which impact the output features and improvement methods will be theoretical investigated. Utilizing professional simulation software, the characteristics of electron bunches and drifts under different applied conditions will be analyzed. The properties of modes conversion and radiation in extraction structure will be discussed. The internal relationship between output microwave parameters and configuration parameters will be dissected either. After that, experimental investigations will be fully developed and related theoretical performance evaluation standard and whole system assessment will be built up. All of the project work will lay the foundations for efficiently designing MDO which can meet needs in different applications and launching 100 ns and 1 kHz levels continuously operation study in future.

目前，强烈的军事和民事应用背景对体积小、重量轻、可便携、高频率、高效率、高稳定性、长寿命的高功率微波源需求迫切，但现有研究较多的高功率微波源器件都无法完全满足上述要求。近年来，随着国内对新兴的衍射输出相对论磁控管逐渐认知，应用该型器件实现以上需求成为了一个最佳的解决方案。项目组将在前期工作的基础上，采用理论分析、粒子模拟和实验相结合的方法，研制出一种轻小型永磁封装的Ku波段高功率衍射输出相对论磁控管。拟通过深入分析器件的内在物理现象和物理规律，研究影响输出性能的因素和提高手段；利用专业的仿真软件研究不同外加条件下的电子群聚特性与漂移特性，研究微波输出结构中的模式变换特性和辐射特性，分析输出微波参数与器件结构参数之间的内在关系；开展全面的实验研究工作，指导从理论上建立一套全系统性能评判标准和评判体系，为未来高效设计满足不同实际需求的实用化器件和开展百ns级和千Hz级的连续运行研究奠定基础。

本项目采用理论分析、计算机仿真和实验研究相结合的方法对Ku波段高功率衍射输出相对论磁控管开展了研究工作。首先，开展了高频段衍射输出相对论磁控管的功率容量和模式隔离的理论分析研究，重点分析Ku频段衍射输出相对论磁控管的慢波结构特性和输出结构内的模式成分。其次，开展了Ku频段衍射输出相对论磁控管的三维计算机模拟仿真研究，通过不断优化器件内部结构，深入分析了结构参数的改变对功率容量、模式隔离度和输出性能的影响。.再次，结合理论分析和计算机模拟仿真结果，完成了Ku波段永磁封装的衍射输出相对论磁控管的加工与装配，开展了相关实验研究工作，检验了理论分析和模拟仿真结果正确性的同时，实际测试了器件的工作性能，包括：输出微波频率、微波功率、功率效率、脉冲宽度、高重频运行稳定性等关键指标。实验结果表明：所设计的Ku波段衍射输出相对论磁控管，当外加电压320kV，磁场0.4T时，可以输出约1GW的微波功率，微波中心频率14.4GHz，功率效率28%，微波脉宽50ns，重复频率可达20Hz。所得结果为下一步的长脉冲和长时间运行研究提供了理论和技术支撑。