环境规制下我国污染密集型产业空间格局演变及生产率变动研究--基于企业动态视角

Under the background of industrial transfer, it will be of great importance to study the impact of environmental regulation on the dynamics of spatial pattern and productivity of the pollution-intensive industries for environmental regulatory instruments improvement, regional and industrial policy proposal. But the previous studies are basically based on aggregated industrial data, which would create some bias and conceal the characteristics of industry and enterprise. And the study on the micro-mechanism of the impact on the spatial pattern and productivity dynamics of industries is scanty. Recent years, with the development in the theory and method of economic geography and the progress in the availability of micro-data, it has become possible to study the dynamics and the mechanisms of spatial pattern and productivity from the perspective of firm dynamics, and it is also in the forefront of the field.. Based on the first-hand materials from investigations, we will first build a framework of enterprise's behavior under the pressure of environmental regulation. Then applying firm-level database, we illustrate the trends and features of the dynamics in spatial pattern and productivity of Chinese pollution-intensive industries. And then we analyze the factors that contribute to the evolution and changes. We are especially interested in the way environmental regulation measures affect them. We investigate how environmental regulation affect the enterprise's behavior (including firm enter, exit, expand, shrink, relocate and innovation activities) from both qualitative study and quantitative study, to check the micro-mechanism of the impact of environmental regulation on spatial evolution and productivity change of the industries.

在我国产业转移背景下，研究环境规制对污染密集型产业空间及其生产率的影响，对于优化环境规制手段、推动区域经济发展及产业合理布局与升级具有重要意义；而现有研究多是基于产业汇总数据分析，研究结论会有偏差且遮盖行业及企业特征，同时也缺乏对环境规制影响产业空间及生产率的微观机制的系统研究。经济地理理论与方法的进展及企业数据可得性的发展，使得从企业动态视角系统研究产业空间演变及产业生产率变化及其微观机制成为可能，也是领域研究前沿。. 本项目拟在实地调研基础上提出环境规制下企业动态及创新行为决策理论框架；主要基于企业数据，对我国污染密集型产业空间格局演变、生产率变动趋势进行分析，考察环境规制在其中所起的作用；结合企业调研数据及资料，从质性和量化研究两个方面考察环境规制对企业动态(进入、退出、成长、迁移等)及创新行为的影响，从而揭示产业空间格局演变及生产率变化的环境规制微观作用机制。

本研究拟结合产业汇总及微观企业数据，解析我国污染密集型产业空间格局演变、生产率变动及其影响因素，重点探讨环境规制作用及其机制。围绕主要预定目标，取得如下进展：（1）.综合运用集中度、区位商、空间基尼系数、份额-偏移法等指标和方法，从不同空间尺度对污染密集型产业、其专业化程度、区位竞争优势空间演变趋势进行分析，提炼其行业及区域特征，运用回归分析方法探讨了环境规制、资源禀赋、要素价格等因素对其分布的影响及其作用机制。（2）构建污染密集型企业数据库，对其空间动态（进入、退出、成长及衰退）进行统计分析，并运用回归分析方法探讨其影响因素，结果发现环境规制对于污染密集型企业的进入及成长具有明显的抑制作用。（3）运用中介效应模型，开展污染密集型企业全要素生产率影响分析，结果验证了环境规制引致企业研发创新，从而提升其企业全要素生产率。本文的研究对于政府进一步制定与优化区域及产业政策提供了科学依据。