新型仿生玉米摘穗机构收获机理及关键技术研究

Snapping device is a key component of the corn harvester. The snapping is completed by squeezing and stretching principle for traditional snapping device, and it is inevitably that maize grains are damaged, the machine is plugged by broken stems and stalk is beyond recycling.According to this problem,a new snapping principle has been proposed that is bionic bending fracture of imitation of artificial picking maize,We will analyse the bionic harvesting mechanism and the harvesting process for reduce maize grain damage, will invente a novel bionic corn snapping. In this research, the mechanical models for the interactions between the corn cob and the snapping rolls and corn stalk and the clamping conveyor will be established. The mechanical models and bending fracture criterion for the connection between the corn cob and spike stalk, spike stalk and spike stalk, spike stalk and stem will also be established. The different structures of the snapping rolls force on the corn cob applying mode, applied position and force velocity on the effect of bending fracture will be researched. Based on the above work, process of the corn snapping will be analyzed by dynamics simulation software. The influence of corn varieties, different harvesting period, water content, snapping roll shape and snapping speed on the new bionic snapping mechanism performance will be discovered. A new bionic corn snapping mechanism structure design and optimization of movement parameters will be realized. This research is significant for the development of independent intellectual property rights of new bionic corn snapping mechanism and corn harvester.

摘穗装置是玉米收获机械的核心工作部件，传统摘穗装置是通过挤压及拉伸原理完成摘穗，不可避免的造成了损伤玉米籽粒、断茎堵塞机器和不利于秸秆回收利用等现象。本项目提出了模仿人工掰玉米穗的仿生弯曲断裂这一全新的玉米摘穗原理，将研究分析减少玉米籽粒损伤的仿生摘穗机理和摘穗过程，进行新型仿生玉米摘穗机构创新；研究玉米穗与摘穗辊、玉米秸秆与夹持输送带之间接触作用的力学模型；研究玉米穗与穗柄、穗柄与穗柄、穗柄与秸秆之间连接的力学模型和连接弯曲断裂准则，研究不同结构摘穗辊对玉米穗的施力方式、施力位置和施力速度对弯曲折断的影响等；在上述工作基础上，采用动力学仿真软件进行摘穗过程分析，分析玉米品种、不同收获期、含水率、摘穗辊形状、摘穗速度等因素对新型仿生摘穗机构性能的影响，由此为实现新型仿生玉米摘穗机构结构方案和运动参数优化，为开发具有自主知识产权的新型仿生玉米摘穗机构和玉米收获机械提供理论依据和关键技术支撑。

摘穗装置是玉米收获机械的核心工作部件，传统摘穗装置是通过挤压及拉伸原理完成摘穗，不可避免的造成了损伤玉米籽粒、断茎堵塞机器和不利于秸秆回收利用等现象。本项目提出了模仿人工掰玉米穗的仿生弯曲断裂这一全新的玉米摘穗原理，将研究分析减少玉米籽粒损伤的仿生摘穗机理和摘穗过程，进行新型仿生玉米摘穗机构创新；研究玉米穗与摘穗辊、玉米秸秆与夹持输送带之间接触作用的力学模型；研究玉米穗与穗柄、穗柄与穗柄、穗柄与秸秆之间连接的力学模型和连接弯曲断裂准则，研究不同结构摘穗辊对玉米穗的施力方式、施力位置和施力速度对弯曲折断的影响等；在上述工作基础上，采用动力学仿真软件进行摘穗过程分析，分析玉米品种、不同收获期、含水率、摘穗辊形状、摘穗速度等因素对新型仿生摘穗机构性能的影响，由此为实现新型仿生玉米摘穗机构结构方案和运动参数优化，为开发具有自主知识产权的新型仿生玉米摘穗机构和玉米收获机械提供理论依据和关键技术支撑。