开放式CO2浓度升高和增温交互作用对水稻叶片气体交换影响模拟研究

Under the background of global climate change with the main characteristics of CO2 enrichment and temperature enhancement, food security is facing serious challenges with the acceleration of industrialization process and increasing activities of human beings. To quantitatively evaluate the interaction impacts of CO2 enrichment and temperature enhancement on crop yield, crop growth models are in need. The existing crop models, however, cannot be directly used to evaluate the complete impacts of global climate change on crop yield since they do not take into account the interaction impacts of CO2 enrichment and temperature enhancement on leaf gas exchange. The objective of this research is to develop a model to predict the interaction impacts of CO2 enrichment and temperature enhancement on rice leaf gas exchange based on field free air temperature enhancement and CO2 enrichment (T-FACE) experiments. The interaction impacts of CO2 enrichment and temperature enhancement on leaf gas exchange will be quantified based on field experiments. A model for predicting the interaction impacts of CO2 enrichment and temperature enhancement on rice leaf gas exchange will be developed. The results of this project will provide a new approach for predicting the interaction impacts of CO2 enrichment and temperature enhancement on leaf gas exchange, and improve the existing crop growth models for predicting the impacts of global climate change on yield of crops and decision support for strategically policy making for food security as well as energy saving and emission reduction.

随着工业化进程的加快和人类活动的加剧，以大气CO2浓度升高和增温为主要特征的未来气候变化情景下，粮食安全将面临严峻的挑战。本项目针对现有作物生长模型，因没综合考虑CO2浓度升高和增温交互作用对作物叶片气体交换的影响，在应用于系统评估未来气候变化对作物产量影响方面存在局限性的问题，以水稻为研究对象，利用国内首个开放式CO2浓度升高和增温（T-FACE）系统平台，定量分析CO2浓度升高和增温交互作用对叶片气体交换的影响，建立 CO2浓度升高和增温交互作用对叶片气体交换影响的模拟模型。本研究不仅为模拟CO2浓度升高和增温交互作用对作物叶片气体交换的影响提供新方法，而且可以为促进和拓展现有作物生长模型在预测作物生长和产量对未来气候变化响应方面的功能奠定基础，从而为保障我国粮食安全和制定节能减排的政策和策略提供重要科学依据。

以大气CO2浓度升高和增温为主要特征的未来气候变化会直接影响作物生长和产量。本项目针对CO2浓度升高和增温交互作用对作物叶片气体交换的影响，在应用于系统评估未来气候变化对作物产量影响方面存在局限性的问题，以水稻为研究对象，利用2个开放式CO2浓度升高和增温（T-FACE）系统平台，分别在常熟设置对照、CO2浓度升高（500 μmol/mol）、增温（+2 ºC）、CO2浓度升高（500 μmol/mol）和增温（+2 ºC）交互作用4个处理和江都设置对照、CO2浓度升高（580 μmol/mol）、增温（+1 ºC）、CO2浓度升高（580 μmol/mol）和增温（+1 ºC）交互作用4个处理，定量分析了CO2浓度升高和增温交互作用对叶片气体交换（光合作用、气孔导度）的适应性影响，基于现有的光合模型（FvCB model）和气导模型（BWB-Leuning-Yin model）建立 CO2浓度升高和增温交互作用对叶片气体交换影响的模拟模型，并对模型进行了验证。结果表明现有的gs-FvCB模型对未来气候变化情境下预测作物产量不会产生显著影响，为进一步建立适用于评估未来气候变化情景下的作物生长模型提供了理论依据和实验数据支撑。