混凝土表面防护用非异氰酸酯聚氨酯(NIPU)涂层的构效关系及作用机理研究

Concrete surface coated protective polymer layer is an effective means to improve the durability of concrete, however, the overall performance of today's protective layer is low, so the development of upgrade protection material is the inevitable trend. Non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) is a recent research focus because of its high comprehensive performance, it should be high scientific significance to carry out the applied basic research of non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) based on the inorganic structural characteristics of cement surface. This project plans to synthesis a series of tri-carbonate and bi-amine with different molecular structures aiming to reveal the relationship between the molecular structure of non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) and its performance on the concrete surface, and also study the reaction mechanism and kinetics characteristics on the surface of the concrete (strong-alkali and high-salt). We carry out to study the relationships of the performance of non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) coating and its structure-activity, and the failure mechanisms of the protective layer under extreme conditions with the material structural characterization and macroeconomic performance of test equipment. We hope to develop a new concrete surface protection material to improve the durability of concrete, and rich the theoretical guidance and technical support of concrete surface protection layer.

混凝土表面涂覆高分子防护层是提高混凝土耐久性的有效手段，然而，当今防护层综合性能不高，发展新型升级防护材料是必然趋势。非异氰酸酯聚氨酯(NIPU)是近期研究热点，综合性能优异，针对混凝土表层水泥基无机结构特点，开展非异氰酸酯聚氨酯(NIPU)在其表面的应用性基础研究具有很高的科学意义。为揭示混凝土表面防护用非异氰酸酯聚氨酯(NIPU)的分子结构与其性能之间的关系，本课题拟通过分子设计，合成一系列不同分子结构的关键原料三元环碳酸酯和二元聚醚胺，研究其在混凝土表面(强碱高盐)的反应机理及动力学特点，采用材料结构表征和宏观性能(耐化学、抗渗透、高粘结及优异的力学性能)测试设备，开展非异氰酸酯聚氨酯(NIPU)涂层的构效关系及作用机理等基础研究，开发混凝土表面新型防护材料，提高混凝土的耐久性和服役期限，丰富混凝土表层防护层的理论指导和技术支持。

项目围绕核心原料环碳酸酯和聚醚胺的制备工艺、非异氰酸酯聚氨酯（NIPU）涂层的构效关系与作用机理、以及NIPU涂层的失效机理方面展开系统研究，开发了环碳酸酯和聚醚胺的清洁高效工艺路线（已申请6项发明专利，授权4项），其中聚醚胺已经突破产业化关键技术，为非异氰酸酯聚氨酯（NIPU）的基础研究和产业化应用奠定了原料基础；具有芳基交联结构的NIPU涂层具有优异的力学性能，主要原因归结于分子结构中的氨基甲酸酯和b-OH官能团，与水泥基表面的羟基形成了共价键，增强了粘结力；NIPU涂层的光热老化机理表明，该涂层较传统聚氨酯、聚脲等防护材料具有优异的抗老化性能。本项目实施所积累的研究成果为开发水泥基表面新型防护材料提供理论指导和依据。