全溶液喷涂制备高效率窄带隙聚合物太阳电池的研究

Solar cells convert the energy of sunlight directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect without any by-products, and have been regarded as a clean and renewable energy source. Solution processed polymer solar cells benefit from their easy-processing and low cost. This project will develop all-solution, spray coated high performance polymer solar cells. High performing polymer:fullerene photovoltaic blends will be employed as the active layer. Highly conductive polymer anode will be designed from solution processing to replace ITO. ZnO quantum dots requiring a low temperature treatment will be synthesized as the interlayer. Silver nanoparticles will be synthesized and selevtive IR-sintering of the spray-coated Ag cathode will be investigated. Solutions will be tuned to allow the ultrasonic spray coating of each layers of a solar cell device. The devices will be optimized sequentially and then synergetically to improve light absorption, exciton dissociation, charge transport in the active layer, as well as charge extraction at the electrode interface. High power conversion efficiency polymer solar cells on glass and polyimide substrates will be prepared. The receipe to deposit each layer and its impact on the underneath layer will be inverstigated. The influences of microstructures and optoelectronic properties of each layer on the photovoltaic parameters of the device will be studied. This project will deliver the mechanism and method to prepare high performance polymer solar cells prepared from all-solution spray coating.

太阳能电池利用光伏效应把光能转换成电能，在使用过程中不产生副产物，是一种清洁可再生能源。基于溶液制程的聚合物太阳电池制作容易、成本低廉。该项目旨在研究基于全溶液喷涂制程的高效聚合物太阳电池。以高效聚合物/富勒烯光伏材料体系为电池活性层，设计具有高电导率的聚合物阳极层取代ITO, 合成仅需低温热处理的ZnO量子点作为器件界面修饰层，采用红外光子辐照技术对溶液法制备的金属阴极膜层进行选择性烧结。调控溶液性质，以超声喷涂的方法逐层制备器件各层，并进行逐步和协同优化，以促进器件活性层中的光子吸收、激子分离、载流子传输以及电极界面对载流子的抽取，制备以玻璃和聚酰亚胺为衬底的高光伏转化率聚合物太阳电池。掌握全溶液制程中器件各层的制备方法和相互影响，系统研究电池各层微观结构、光电性能与电池光伏参数之间的内在联系，为开发基于全溶液喷涂制程的高光伏转化率的聚合物太阳能电池器件奠定理论基础和实践经验。

该项目旨在发展基于全溶液喷涂制程的有机太阳能电池。在国家基金委的支持下，课题组研究了太阳能电池器件的多功能层材料的合成、喷涂制备并实现了高效率太阳能电池器件制备，研究成果共发表英文SCI论文27篇。项目对阳极材料PEDOT:PSS进行了溶液设计、改性及喷涂制备，研究了喷涂参数对PEDOT:PSS导电薄膜的透光率及方阻的影响，基于喷涂PEDOT:PSS阳极材料制备出的电池器件能与基于旋涂制程的电池器件相媲美。掌握了银纳米线阴极材料的化学合成及喷涂成膜技术，探索并实现了银纳米线做为顶、底电极材料在太阳能电池器件中的应用。实现了TiO2纳米粒子的低温制备及喷涂成膜，深入研究了TiO2电子传输层在有机和钙钛矿太阳能电池中的光浴效应，研发了多种本体或界面修饰方法来消除器件的光浴不稳定性。制备了多个体系的高效率三元体异质结有机太阳能电池，研究了第三组分结构、光电性能对活性层微纳形貌及效率的影响。最后，项目利用传输矩阵模型深入研究并优化了喷涂制程中各层的最优膜厚，实现了正置、倒置有机电池器件的多功能层连续喷涂制备，并获得了与旋涂制备相当或略低的器件效率。此外，课题组还额外发展了钙钛矿太阳能电池和柔性太阳能电池器件的喷涂制备，为这种低成本、可大面积扩展的制备方法在光伏电池中的应用提供了实践经验。