橡胶果破碎过程及壳仁低损伤分离机理研究

Rubber is a pillar industry in China's subtropical region，Postpartum bottleneck of important byproduct of rubber fruit for the development is high quality, high performance kernel husk separation, serious constraints on pressing oil quality and comprehensive utilization. With Ginkgo nuts and soft fruits like Litchi, such as compared to more complex change of physical properties of rubber and fruit processing. It is not clear about the different varieties among its husk package characteristics and moisture content, shape, size, dynamic parameters of mechanical action, sports features and differences. It lacks the process of its dynamic deformation characteristics and kinematic coupling interaction mechanism, dynamic relationship between resistance and processing of process energy consumption and a more in-depth study. So this project uses basic mechanical testing, physical prototype testing and theoretical modeling analysis to study on mechanical properties of rubber shell kernels and broken law. Husk separation of key institutions established job processes three-dimensional digital model for drawing preservation quality, energy consumption and comprehensive evaluation model for the effect of the product. Attain rubber shell and biomechanical characteristics, physical and mechanical properties of nuts, between the extent of damage and the associated though mechanics test and finite element analysis. Reveal rubber's shell and kernel's damage rule, and husk separation principle and device for laying the theoretical foundation. This project provides theoretical analysis method for spherical shell kernels separation.

橡胶加工是我国亚热带地区的支柱产业，其副产品橡胶果产后发展的瓶颈在于优质、高效地壳仁分离，严重制约榨油品质及综合利用。与银杏之类的坚果和荔枝之类的柔性果相比，橡胶果加工物性变化更为复杂，其壳仁包裹特性与含水率、形状、大小、机械作用的动力学参数、运动特征参数及在不同品种之间存在的差异性，尚不清楚；缺乏加工过程动态变形特征与机构运动耦合的相互作用机理，过程动力与过程阻力及加工能耗间关系较为深入的研究。为此，本项目采用基础力学试验、物理样机试验和理论建模分析等方法深入研究橡胶果壳仁的力学性能与破坏规律。建立壳仁分离关键机构作业过程三维数字化模型，得出保全品质、系统能耗、产品效果的综合评价模型，通过力学试验和有限元分析，得到橡胶果壳和果仁的生物力学特征、物理机械特性、破坏损伤程度及三者之间的联系；揭示橡胶果壳仁破坏损伤规律，为壳仁分离原理与装置研究奠定理论基础。为球形果壳仁分离提供理论分析方法。

项目以我国热带橡胶果为研究对象，重点研究了橡胶果的壳仁分离技术，完成了橡胶果壳仁分离方案设计及样机物理试验，基于碾压式等原理：（1）研制1台碾搓式橡胶果脱壳试验机样机及测试实验系统；（2）研制1台橡胶果单体剥离试验机系统，（3）研制1台橡胶果旋转式脱壳机。并对样机进行了一定的性能试验。试验分别采用正交试验方法，分别探讨橡胶果外壳、橡胶籽壳破碎的相关机理和破碎规律；对橡胶果壳仁分离装置的工艺参数进行试验研究。通过试验分析橡胶籽含水率、脱壳装置的辊筒转速、破碎间隙对脱壳效果的影响。采用挤压和摩擦复合原理研制实现橡胶果脱壳的机械试验装置；运用PRO/E软件建立橡胶果脱壳机的数字化模型，设计了12种橡胶果脱壳机械三维数字化模型创新设计方案；并研制滚压式壳仁分离试验样机，通过数值分析，数理统计等方法，研究橡胶果脱壳样机的效果；项目研究结果与方法为橡胶果低损伤高效的脱壳装置设计与优化提供理论基础。经过四年的研究，本项目在橡胶果脱壳机械技术方面取得了相应的研究成果，项目的研究为海南省的橡胶果综合利用技术发展提供了必要的技术支撑。