TBM施工隧道不良地质前向激发极化与随掘地震超前探测及其联合反演理论研究

Major disasters, such as water inrush, mud burst, collapse, TBM blockage and even machine crash, often occur in the tunnel constructed using TBM. The main reason is that the TBM environment is extremely complex and effective theories and methods used for unfavorable geology advanced detection in the tunnel constructed by TBM are still lacking both at home and abroad. To solve this problem, the comprehensive detection and joint inversion thoughts, i.e. three-dimensional seismic method to characterize geological structure and induced polarization method to estimate its water volume, are proposed. The new advanced detection methods (the forward three-dimensional induced polarization method based on current focusing effect of multi-electrode sources and the three-dimensional seismic while drilling using TBM rock breaking vibration as sources) adapted to TBM environment is presented and to be researched in this program. Inversion tomography theory of the forward three-dimensional induced polarization and quantitative prediction method of water-bearing body will be mainly studied. The reconstruction method of unconventional seismic source and high precision migration imaging theory of three-dimensional seismic while drilling will be solved. Internal connection between wave velocity and resistivity will be revealed, and joint inversion theory and its implementation method of the forward induced polarization and seismic while drilling will be proposed based on data fusion and structural constraint. The difficult issues of serious multiplicity of solutions and low accuracy will be solved. The integrated interpretation method relies mainly on joint inversion while separate interpretation subsidiary will be established finally. Accurate quantitative detection of spatial location, three dimensional shape and filling water quantity will be achieved. The theoretical foundation and practical methods of unfavorable geology advanced prediction in the TBM complex environments will be provided.

TBM施工隧道经常发生突水突泥、塌方及卡机甚至机毁人亡等重大灾害事故，其主要原因是TBM环境极为复杂，国内外尚没有适合TBM隧道不良地质超前探测的有效理论和方法。针对该难题，提出"三维地震刻画地质构造，激发极化预报其含水性"的综合探测与联合反演思想，探索适应TBM环境的两种超前探测新方法：即基于多同性源电流聚焦的前向三维激电法，以TBM破岩震动为震源的随掘三维地震法。重点研究前向三维激电的反演理论及含水体水量定量预报方法，提出随掘三维地震"非常规"震源的重构方法与高精度偏移成像理论，揭示典型地质条件下波速-电阻率的内在联系，突破前向激电与随掘地震空间结构约束与数据融合联合反演理论，解决超前探测多解性强、准确性差的难题，建立"以二者联合反演为主，以分别解译为辅"的综合解释方法，实现不良地质"空间位置、赋存形态和充填水量"较准确定量探测，为TBM复杂环境不良地质超前探测提供科学理论与实用方法。

TBM施工隧道经常发生突水突泥、塌方及卡机甚至机毁人亡等重大灾害事故，其主要原因是TBM环境极为复杂，国内外尚没有适合TBM隧道不良地质超前探测的有效理论和方法。针对该难题，本项目提出了“地震刻画地质构造，激发极化预报其含水性”的综合探测与联合反演思想，研究了适应TBM环境的两种超前探测新方法：即聚焦测深型激发极化法和以TBM破岩震动为震源的随掘地震法。重点研究了适合TBM隧道环境的聚焦测深观测模式，建立了基于深度加权的三维反演成像方法，研究了典型含水体的三维成像特征，提出了激发极化估算水量方法，形成了TBM施工隧道激发极化超前探测理论与方法；针对TBM破岩震动如何科学利用的难题，提出了“破岩振动先导传感+波场信息阵列测量”观测方式，揭示了不良地质体随掘地震波场传播机理与响应规律，提出了以互相关干涉为核心的随掘地震记录重构方法，研究了适用于隧道环境的频率域全波形反演及扫叠式逆时偏移成像方法，形成了TBM随掘地震超前探测数据处理及偏移成像方法。在此基础上，提出了多元超前地质预报信息的约束联合反演方法，综合运用地质、激发极化和地震信息以解决隧道超前地质预报“多解性强、准确性低、可靠性差”的问题，开发了用于数据处理与解译的超前地质专家决策与虚拟展示系统，实现不良地质“空间位置、赋存形态和充填水量”较准确探测，为TBM复杂环境不良地质超前探测提供科学理论与实用方法。研究成果在云南高黎贡山、陕西引汉济渭、吉林引松供水、兰州水源地引水工程等TBM施工隧道中得到成功应用，对于TBM施工隧道灾害防控具有重要意义。