The transpiring water consumption of vegetation is the main consumption of water in arid area. Estimation of plant transpiration water consumption can achieve the scale conversion from "point" to "area" by high-resolution remote sensing images. The research objects of this study are the Populus euphratica, Haloxylon ammodendron, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Nitraria tangutorum, Kalidium foliatum Reaumuria songarica and Agriophyllum squarrosum which are the dominant species of vegetation in Minqin oasis. Guided by the theories of Geobotany, Ecohydrology, Statistics theories and other disciplines. Field investigation combined with remote sensing and spatial technique will be applied to study transpiring water consumption of dominant species of vegetation from point, plot to area in Minqin oasis. First, biological characteristics of typical plots survey and biomass observation of dominant species of vegetation will be made. The relational model of aboveground biomass and the ecological parameters (canopy breadth or coverage degree) of dominant species of vegetation will be constructed. Then, ecological parameters of dominant species of vegetation will be obtained from high-resolution remote sensing images Geoeye-1, which will be classified to reveal the spatial distribution of aboveground biomass of dominant species of vegetation. Finally, to estimate the transpiring water consumption of dominant species of vegetation by the relationship between biomass and transpiration coefficient. According to the studying results, to analyze spatial distribution characteristics of transpiring water consumption in Minqin oasis. The spatial distribution pattern of transpiring water consumption will be revealed. Thus this study could provide basis for plant diversity conservation and Ecosystem in Minqin oasis. Also could be a reference of rational water resources management of Shiyanghe river basin.
植物蒸腾耗水是干旱区绿洲水资源的主要消耗。高分辨率遥感影像能够实现植物蒸腾耗水估算由"点"到"面"的尺度转换。本项目以石羊河下游民勤绿洲植被优势种胡杨、梭梭、沙拐枣、白刺、盐爪爪、红砂和沙蓬等为研究对象,以植物地理学、生态水文学和统计学等多学科理论为指导,野外调查结合遥感光谱分类技术,拟对民勤绿洲植被优势种蒸腾耗水进行由点到样方再到区域尺度的研究。首先,基于典型样点生物量观测,建立植被优势种地上生物量与其生态参数(冠幅面积或盖度)关系模型;其次利用高分辨率遥感影像Geoeye-1 对植被优势种进行分类得到生态参数,实现植被优势种地上部分生物量估算;最后基于植被优势种生物量与蒸腾系数关系,估算植被优势种蒸腾耗水并将其空间化,揭示流域蒸腾耗水空间分布规律。本项目可为民勤绿洲植物多样性保护和受损生态系统的恢复提供科学依据,为制定合理的石羊河流域水资源管理分配方式提供参考。
绿洲是干旱区的生态屏障。植被是绿洲水分的主要消耗者和利用者,准确估算绿洲植被蒸腾耗水对生态恢复与有限水资源的合理利用具有重要意义。.项目基于GF-1,2与Worldview-2高分辨率遥感数据,运用面向对象的分类方法提取了民勤绿洲植被优势种乔木(胡杨、小叶杨、沙枣)与灌木(梭梭、柽柳与白刺)冠幅,草本(芦苇)分布区;基于野外调查与室内试验,建立了乔木与灌木地上生物量与冠幅面积关系模型,草本地上生物量与分布面积关系模型。估算了植被优势种地上生物量;根据器测光合参数得到植被优势种蒸腾系数,利用生物量与蒸腾系数的关系,估算了民勤绿洲植被优势种蒸腾耗水量及其空间分布。得到以下结论:① 植被优势种乔木与灌木分类到“株”尺度,整体分类精度为85.97%,Kapp系数为80.91%,说明面向对象的分类方法适合于干旱区植被的提取。② 民勤绿洲植被优势种总生物量为1.96×10^5t,依次为:小叶杨(1.09×10^5t)>胡杨(5.39×10^4t)>梭梭(9.04×10^3t)>白刺(8.57×10^3t)>沙枣(7.04×10^3t)>柽柳(5.14×10^3t)>芦苇(3.06×10^3t)。③ 植被优势种的蒸腾系数依次为:芦苇(501)>小叶杨(383)>沙枣(353)>胡杨(341)>白刺(280)>柽柳(230)>梭梭(119),其中梭梭蒸腾系数最小,水分利用率最高,说明梭梭抗旱能力最强,可以作为干旱区主要的人工植被。④ 植被优势种蒸腾耗水总量为6.86×10^7 t,其中坝区3.06×10^7 t,泉山区2.35×10^7 t,湖区1.45×10^7 t。蒸腾耗水量依次为:小叶杨(4.17×10^7t)>胡杨(1.84×10^7t)>沙枣(2.49×10^6t)>白刺(2.40×10^6 t)>芦苇(1.53×10^6 t)>柽柳(1.18×10^6 t)>梭梭(1.08×10^6 t)。.本项目首次获取了民勤绿洲高精度(乔木与灌木冠幅)植被优势种空间分布,实现了植被优势种蒸腾耗水量估算由“林分”到“区域”,即由“点”到“面”的转换,该方法克服了以往通过模型间接估算植被蒸腾耗水的不足,为干旱区植被蒸腾耗水量的研究提供了方法借鉴;估算的民勤绿洲蒸腾耗水量及其空间分布可为整个流域水资源的科学配置提供参考。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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