分布式光伏驱动蓄能直喷动态两级制冷空调能量耦合研究

Photovoltaic air conditioning is an important part in the application of distributed photovoltaic energy, the coordination of the photovoltaic driven controlling, energy storing and energy utilizing is the key of the photovoltaic air conditioning system. The two stage dynamic refrigerating by refrigerant direct injection and energy storage air conditioning driven by distributed photovoltaic energy is presented and the energy coupling characteristics of which is studied in this project. The matching relationship among related components is researched and the thermal physical properties for refrigerant direct injecting dynamic ice making process are analyzed and the dynamic matching parameters are regulated between compression refrigeration cycle and refrigerant direct injecting refrigerating process in order to urge refrigerant injecting steadily and ice making efficiently, the primary chilled water cooling and the secondary dynamic ice making and storing efficiently cooperate together well and the energy storage or energy release can be controlled under artificial intelligence. Finally, the maximum power point of distributed photovoltaic energy is tracked dynamically and the strategies of effective energy management are fulfilled under two stage refrigeration mode so as to ice storage air condition can continuously supply cool and battery can be replaced by ice to store energy in distributed photovoltaic energy system. The basis and key scientific problems have been researched to achieve system operation stability, energy transfer uniformity and components integrated optimization through optimizing control strategy for association process, automatic tracking PV power maximum power point and regulating energy distribution model, constructing and optimizing two stage dynamic refrigerating by refrigerant direct injection and energy storage model and allocating parameters in refrigerant direct injection refrigerating process. The scientific basis and technical data can be obtained for scale application of ice storage air conditioning system driven by distributed photovoltaic energy.

光伏空调在分布式光伏能源规模化利用中占重要地位，所涉及的光伏驱动调控方式、高效蓄能及持续供冷的有效协同是关键所在。本项目提出分布式光伏驱动两级动态制冷蓄能空调新型模式并对其能量转换耦合特性进行研究，探索工质直喷动态制冰热物理特性及关联部件匹配耦合关系，通过调控工质喷射制冷过程与压缩制冷循环动态匹配，实现一级冷媒供冷、二级高效动态制冰蓄能循环高效协同；对两级制冷模式下分布式光伏能源最大功率点进行动态跟踪并实施能量管理控制策略，实现冰蓄冷替代蓄电池储能持续供冷。本项目通过对系统关联过程所涉及控制策略的优化、光伏能源系统最大功率跟踪控制及用能模式调控、工质直喷高效动态两级制冷蓄能模式的构建及优化、制冷剂直喷过程参数调配等关键科学基础问题的研究，解决系统运行环节中所涉及的稳定性、均匀性及优化集成等问题，为分布式光伏能源驱动冰蓄冷空调的规模化应用提供详实的科学依据及技术资料。

光伏空调在分布式光伏能源利用中占重要地位，所涉及的光伏驱动调控方式、高效蓄能及持续供冷的有效协同是关键所在。项目基于2kW工质直喷动态制冰蓄能实验系统，深入开展了分布式光伏驱动两级动态制冷蓄能系统所涉及的控制策略、光伏能源系统最大功率跟踪控制及用能模式调控、制冷蓄能系统构建及优化、参数调配等关键科学问题的研究，获得了分布式光伏能源系统冰蓄冷代替蓄电池储能、制冷工质直喷高效动态两级制冰蓄冷、动态冰层形成与分解过程的理论分析结果与实验数据，并获得了直喷动态制冰蓄能系统运行过程中的动态性能、运行稳定性与可靠性理论特性与技术特征。. 针对直喷工况特性参数与制冷循环热力学特性的耦合关系及系统关联部件匹配特性进行研究，对直喷制冷热力循环过程中制冷工质的喷射速率、压强、温度与喷射特性进行理论分析，获得了工质运行特性与热力循环过程能量转换的耦合关系；构建实验平台对理论计算模型进行了实验验证。针对相变温度在5~12 ºC范围，采用高速乳化法及自然吸附法制备了二元共晶混合物/膨胀石墨低温复合相变材料，深入研究了该材料强化传热特点及水合物浆体的传热特性，得到成分比例、结构设计与材料的相变温度、相变潜热、导热系数等关键性能之间的关系，并探索了材料的微观结构和性能的变化规律。针对太阳辐照度波动对分布式光伏直驱蓄能空调高效稳定运行的影响问题，建立阻抗匹配动态模型分析光伏直驱压缩机系统在辐照度变化条件下动态阻抗匹配关系，提出以压缩机作为负载变频自适应追踪光伏阵列的最大功率的控制方法，实现光伏直驱系统的稳定运行。同时对主要部件进行优化，对直喷系统的冰堵情况进行除水优化，进一步提高系统效率。. 研究工作的开展为冰蓄冷替代蓄电池储能、具有同温制冷与蓄能集成的高效分布式光伏驱动空调系统应用提供详实科学依据及技术资料。