船舶与海工装备通用半主动浮筏隔振技术研究

Power units and sensitive devices mounted on warships and marine equipments sufferring form double-way, harmonic and random combination and wide-band vibration environment. Effective floating shaft vibration isolation technique could improve security, stability and comfort. But it is hard for current floating shaft design method to balance multi-indexes. And its vibration isolation performance has potential to be enhanced. This project introduce semi-active vibration isolation and quasi-zero vibration isolation to improve the two conflict demands for all vibration isolation systems. With the combination of particle dynamic method, mechanical magnetic coupling algorithm, multi-scale modeling and experimental test, this project aims to study the vibration attenuation mechanisms of Magnetorheological fluid (MRF) under complicated vibration loadings. The dynamic model of MRF micro-particle-chain is established, and the relationships between MRF micro-structural characteristics and the vibration loading properties are studied. It is analyzed that the wave propagation characteristic of MRF under wave loadings. The micro-structural characteristics of MRF that are suitable to attenuate vibration loadings are also explored. The multi-scale model by the mechanical-magnetic coupling analysis is developed, and the field-induced mapping relationships between MRF micro-structural characteristics and its macro-properties are studied. The field-induced MRF operating mode mechanism is investigated. Based on structure elastic mechanics, quasi-zero spring design method will be researched for isolator integration. This research provides a theoretical basis for the application of semi-active and quasi-zero vibration techniques in vibration control of floating shaft.

舰艇和海工装备上动力装置和敏感设备面临复杂的振动载荷环境，高效的浮筏隔振技术可以显著提高结构安全性、工作稳定性和居住舒适性，但现有的浮筏隔振系统设计指标难以兼顾，且隔振性能有进一步提高的可能。为此，本项目从隔振系统的固有矛盾出发，引入磁流变半主动隔振和准零刚度隔振技术，综合运用颗粒动力学理论、力-磁耦合分析、多尺度建模、多参数优化设计和实验测试相结合的方法，针对浮筏隔振的复杂载荷激励特性，展开半主动-准零刚度隔振系统的基础理论研究。从微尺度建模入手，建立磁流变液颗粒链动力学模型，研究其微观结构对振动载荷的衰减机制；通过基于力-磁耦合的多尺度建模，构建磁流变液工作模式与宏观力学特性的场效应映射规律，阐明磁流变阻尼器宽频隔振机理；基于结构弹性力学构建准零刚度元件设计方法，实现隔振器弹性和阻尼元件的有效整合。研究成果将为半主动隔振和准零刚度隔振技术在复杂隔振系统中的应用提供依据。

船舶与海工装备是维护海洋权益和开发海洋的重要基础装备，正逐渐向大型化、精密化方向发展，这对此类装备上隔振系统的承载能力、隔振性能和环境适应性等都提出了更高的要求。该课题以船舶与海工装备通用半主动浮筏隔振技术研究为主体，探讨了新型磁流变阻尼器和准零刚度浮筏隔振的基础理论和方法问题，同时扩展研究了该技术的推广应用问题。主要完成的研究内容如下：.（1）针对传统磁流变阻尼器结构上的局限性，提出一种输出阻尼力大、可调阻尼比高且结构紧凑的新型磁流变阻尼器，基于流体力学基本理论和磁流变液微观机理建立了其流速表达式及准静态模型，基于动态特性试验分析了新型磁流变阻尼器的工作状态和滞回特性，建立了新型阻尼器的双曲正切模型，基于PID控制与反馈线性化控制建立了磁流变阻尼器的半主动控制方法。.（2）分析了准零刚度系统的实现方式，以碟形弹簧与磁流变阻尼器为研究对象，分析了各参数对准零刚度隔振系统性能的影响，并与同等承载能力下的线性刚度隔振系统进行了对比研究；完成了单自由度准零刚度-半主动系统的动力学模型与原型研制，结果表明半主动-准零刚度隔振系统在宽频带具有较好的隔振效果。.（3）以本项目的研究成果为基础，研究了基于磁流变阻尼器的隔振和缓冲方法在其他领域中的应用问题，完成的工作主要包括：基于空气弹簧和磁流变阻尼器的变刚度-半主动控制方法用于舰船传动设备隔振、基于磁流变蓄能器的管路水锤冲击缓冲问题、基于磁流变阻尼器的控制力矩陀螺隔振问题等。.本课题为磁流变技术在浮筏隔振和其他相关应用领域的理论研究和工程应用具有一定的参考意义。.