不同产量水平的橡胶芽接树砧木特性比较研究

The rootstock, the other important part of rubber budding tree, evidently affects the growth, production and resistance. The yield can be increased 13.9%-86.7% by using top quality rootstock. But, now, almost all of the rootstock of rubber tree comes from the seeds of rubber plantation with sophisticated hereditary background of yield traits, etc.,and without any selection. Aiming at the supper-high-yield rubber budding tree, which yield is 10-20 fold more than the normal, according to the earlier research, the change of yield improved by genetic variation of scion is almost impossible and the high yield is unrepeatable budding with its scion, at the same time, there are not significant difference on the micro-ecological of soil and so on, beside absorpation of the rhizpsphere nutrients. In order to discussing the mechanisms deeply of super-high yield rubber tree, providing theoretical foundation for rootstock improvement and utilization of rubber budding tree and supplement of high-yield theory, based on the earlier research, in this study, a comparison study on rootstock characteristics of root morphology, root physiology of water and nutrition, among rubber budding seedlings dupileated from different yield but same scoin，include the supper-high-yield rubber tree, will be carry out with relative strict simulation experiment conditions established by sectional graft technology on scion and rootstock.

砧木是橡胶芽接树的重要组成部分，对芽接树生长、产量和抗性等均有明显的影响，优质的砧木材料可提高产量13.9%～86.7%。但是，目前橡胶芽接树的砧木材料基本上是未选择的各种无性系的种子培育的，产量等性状的遗传背景复杂。针对生产上出现的少数产量为普通芽接树10-20倍的超高产橡胶芽接树，前期初步结果证实，这一现象由接穗遗传变异引起的可能性不大，且利用接穗重新嫁接后的材料高产未能重现；超高产芽接树的土壤等微环境也与其它橡胶树没有限制差异，但可能与砧木的根际养分吸收特性等相关。本研究拟以目前生产上存在的接穗品系相同而产量水平不同的橡胶芽接树为对象，通过分段嫁接技术复制包括超高产树在内的不同产量水平橡胶芽接树，在较为严格的模拟实验条件下研究比较其砧木根系形态、水分养分吸收与利用等特性的差异，深入探讨橡胶芽接树的超高产机理，为橡胶芽接树高产理论的完善及砧木材料的改良利用提供理论依据。

砧木是橡胶芽接树的重要组成部分，对芽接树生长、产量和抗性等均有明显的影响。本项目优化了橡胶树根系嫁接技术，并对不同根接苗根系特性进行了分析。研究结果表明，橡胶树根系嫁接最合适的接穗材料为橡胶树籽苗芽接苗；根接苗根系特性分析表明：在橡胶树苗期阶段，根系嫁接后，嫁接根系的生长主要受地上部分的影响。原根系生长量、活性较强的苗木，嫁接后根系生长量，活性也较强。通过本项目的研究，初步建立了橡胶树砧木比较研究系统，为橡胶树砧木选择及优良砧木的开发提供了必要的技术手段。