我国重要疟疾媒介中华按蚊遗传分化与习性差异关系的研究

Malaria is a serious threat for human health and social development. Anopheles sinensis is the only widespread species of Chinese malaria vectors. Their bloodthirsty and habitats has great regional variations. There was study showed Anopheles sinensis was divided into two types A and B based on different karyotype. We have utilized the COI gene to rebuild the phylogeny of China 15 genus 124 species mosquito, and developed the molecular identification system. Meanwhile, we found that the divergence of COI gene of Anopheles sinensis is ubiquity. The genetic differentiation of mosquito species will lead to the difference of bloodthirsty habits, habitat habits and pathogen susceptibility, and these factors determine the mosquito's vectorial capacity and choosing mosquito control strategies. Hence, we purpose utilize mtDNA-COII、mtDNA-Cytb、ND5、ITS1、ITS2、rDNA-28S-D2、rDNA-28S-D3、EF-1α、WG gene to analyze Anopheles sinensis with different population, while conduct survey for bloodthirsty, habitat habits and pathogen susceptibility of the corresponding population, and combinate ecological niche and molecular data to explore the relationship between habits differences and genetic differentiation. With all results above, it will benefit to choose a reasonable vector control programs, and provide technical support for program of malaria elimination in 2020.

中华按蚊是我国四大疟疾媒介中唯一的广布种，其嗜血和栖息习性有地区性差异。有研究根据中华按蚊染色体核型的不同将其分为A、B两型。作者应用COI基因对我国蚊科124种蚊虫进行分子鉴定系统开发，发现中华按蚊种群内部在COI分子基础上已出现遗传差异。蚊虫的遗传分化会导致嗜血、栖息习性及病原易感性方面表现出不同，这些因素决定了蚊虫的媒介效能和选择不同的媒介蚊虫防治策略。本研究拟选取COII、Cytb、ND5、ITS1、ITS2、D2、D3、EF-1α、WG基因标记，对中华按蚊不同地理种群进行分子分析，明确我国中华按蚊种群遗传分化的程度，并进行对应种群嗜血、栖息习性以及病原易感性调查，掌握我国中华按蚊不同种群的行为习性以及传疟效能，根据不同分子标记的进化特征，探索中华按蚊不同种群习性差异与遗传分化之间的对应关系，最终为选择合理的媒介控制方案预防，实现我国2020年消除疟疾提供理论支持和技术保障。

赫坎按蚊组（Anopheles hyrcanus group）广泛分布于古北界和东洋界，包含了25个蚊种。其中的中华按蚊Anopheles sinensis虽然其疟原虫的自然感染率相对较低，但由于在中国广泛分布，因此被认为是长江中下游疟疾的主要媒介。一些研究已经发现中华按蚊和克莱按蚊Anopheles kleini（疟原虫感染率较高）自然杂交的证据。因此，我们在中国范围内广泛采集中华按蚊样蚊虫，对其进行线粒体及核糖体的基因分析，并利用COI基因估算分歧时间。结果显示，在中华按蚊，克莱按蚊和比伦按蚊Anopheles belenrae之间存在基因渐渗，此外，克莱按蚊在10.5 Mya时同中华按蚊和比伦按蚊分化，而中华按蚊和比伦按蚊在5.8 Mya发生分歧。这些新的发现将微疟疾防控策略提供理论支持。