车载电子信息系统浪涌效应高效仿真预测方法研究

Based on the electromagnetic protection of vehicular electronic information system, this project devotes to the efficient and accurate numerical methods of its surge effect simulation and prediction so as to reveal the transmission law, coupling process, and especially their surge effects introduced by the external electromagnetic pulses (EMPs), among the antenna, cable network, and the apertures of the vehicular carriage. For the simulation challenges introduced by a complex, multi-scale, and multi-stage coupling system, our research will be focused on three parts which are shown as follows. Firstly, we develop a novel electromagnetic modeling method based on the real physical scene. Secondly, further studies are focused on a novel and efficient hybrid parallel FDTD method to obtain the full-wave field information of the vehicular electronic information system. It is noted that this method is suitable for solving the EMI prediction of a multi-scale and ultra-wideband system. Finally, by studying the coupling among the external EMPs, the antennas, the cable network, as well as the internal circuits, we introduce some reasonable boundary conditions to connect the different coupling regions. Then, a novel hybrid field-line-circuit method, which takes into account the interaction between the field and the antennas, the field and the cables, the antennas and the cables, and the cables and the circuits, is proposed to predict and analyze the surge effects caused by all types of coupling on different levels. Furthermore, the electromagnetic safety threshold assessment of the vehicular electronic information system can be obtained and the corresponding protection recommendations should be given as theoretical and technical support for the top-level quantization of the electromagnetic environmental effects of the vehicle electronic information systems design.

本课题以车载电子信息系统电磁防护为应用背景，重点研究其浪涌效应精确、高效数值仿真预测方法，揭示外来电磁脉冲在平台内天线、线缆、厢体孔缝间引起的耦合和传输机理。针对该系统结构复杂、多尺度以及多级耦合等特点带来的仿真难题与挑战，本课题将在以下方面展开研究：提出基于真实物理场景的精细电磁建模方法；发展针对车载电子信息系统超宽带、多尺度特点的新型混合并行时域有限差分法以实现整个系统空间及各耦合通道全波场信息的快速预测；通过研究外来电磁脉冲、天线、线缆网络以及内部电路之间的耦合过程，合理构建各模块之间的连接条件，研究出同时考虑场与天线、场与线缆、天线与线缆以及线缆与电路之间相互影响的场-线-路联合仿真新方法。利用该方法针对各类耦合引起的不同层面浪涌冲击效应进行预测分析，从而得到整车系统级电磁安全阈值评估及相应防护建议，为车载电子信息系统电磁环境效应顶层量化设计提供理论和技术支撑。

随着信息技术的飞速发展，车载电子信息系统在功能强大的同时，内部电磁环境正变得日益复杂。本课题以车载电子信息系统电磁防护为应用背景，重点研究其浪涌效应精确、高效数值仿真预测方法，揭示外来电磁脉冲在平台内天线、线缆、厢体孔缝间引起的耦合和传输机理。本课题以复杂环境中车载电子信息系统浪涌效应分析方法为研究对象，针对平台结构复杂、多尺度及多耦合通道等特点带来的仿真难题与挑战，开展了如下研究：1）提出了基于真实物理场景的精细电磁建模方法，并开发出相应FDTD网格生成工具，包括实体网格、表面网格、非均匀网格以及共形网格；2）提出了基于FDTD（2，4）方法的三维高效混合时域仿真方法，将FDTD（2，4）方法与细线、共形技术相结合，使得更高频率、更多细节模拟成为可能，尤其是高阶共形技术的提出，使得剖分网格可以突破到一波长取7个点仍能获得较高计算精度；3）精确场线耦合模型，研究天线-线缆、外场-线缆耦合过程，通过引入传输线馈电模型和转移抗模型，合理构建各物理层边界条件；4）综合考虑场、线、路混合效应，建立各仿真模块数据交换机制，并最终实现系统级电磁瞬态响应问题的场-线-路联合仿真。该方法将三维高阶FDTD方法、传输线FDTD方法、改进节点法通过天线-线缆耦合模型以及转移阻抗模型结合在一起，可实现三者在同一时间步内进行迭代，使得电磁仿真更加能够反映物理本质。进一步地，利用该方法针对各类耦合引起的不同层面浪涌冲击效应进行预测分析，从而得到整车系统级电磁安全阈值评估及相应防护建议，为车载平台系统级电磁干扰理论、方法和技术创新提供重要技术支撑。