垂直轴风力发电用不平衡初级轴向磁通磁悬浮发电机机理研究

The floating wind power generation has an good application prospect in the field of the wind power generation on the sea. The direct-drive vertical axis wind turbines (DVAWT) is important for that. In order to improve the starting performance and output power of the DVAWT, an axial-flux maglev generator with asymmetric primary is proposed. Two-sided asymmetric primary is adopted to obtain adjustable maglev force, working with the lift force of the wind turbine to improve the starting performance; hybrid excitation is used to adjust the suspension force and output power in real time for the stable output. In this program, the structure design, computational analysis, optimization and control technology will be carried out. Based on the magnetic network model, the 3-dimentional magnetic, and thermal model, the motor is designed and optimized, the parameters in the static or the dynamic state are calculated and studied, the multi-field -coupled analysis is carried out, and loss and temperature are researched. Through the above jobs, the design theory about the proposed axial-flux maglev generator with asymmetric primary is built, and the laws of the parameters effecting the motor performance are grasped. Then we can obtain the optimizing method to weaken the suspension force and cogging force. To study the relationships of the suspension force or the electromagnetic torque and the speed of the wind, the dynamic math model is established. A coordinate control strategy of armature current and exciting current following the velocity of wind is proposed, which is verified by the simulation. In the end, the system platform containing the prototype motor and control system will be made, which will be used to accomplish the motor test and the experiment of electricity generation simulation.

海上风电领域，漂浮式风电有很好的应用潜力，直驱垂直轴风力发电机是其重要部分。为提高垂直轴风力发电机的起动性能和电机输出功率，提出不平衡初级轴向磁通磁悬浮发电机。采用双边不平衡初级产生可调的电磁悬浮力，与风机升力共同作用，可改善起动性能；采用混合励磁，可随风速变化实时地调节悬浮力和功率，从而实现稳定输出和悬浮。开展该电机的结构设计、计算分析、优化和控制技术研究，基于磁网络模型、三维有限元电磁场和温度场模型，研究电机结构设计与优化、静动态性能参数计算、多场耦合分析、损耗和温升计算。建立不平衡初级轴向磁通磁悬浮发电机的设计理论，掌握结构参数对电机性能的影响规律，提出削弱悬浮力和电磁转矩波动的优化方法。建立电机的动态数学模型，研究风速变化对悬浮力和电磁转矩要求，提出适应风速变化的电枢电流和励磁电流协调策略，并仿真验证。研制样机和控制系统，搭建整体平台，完成样机测试和模拟发电实验。

本项目对直驱式垂直轴风力发电机进行研究，提出一种不平衡初级轴向磁通磁悬浮发电机，已实现轴向悬浮力可控，提高电机的起动性能。本项目在轴向磁通电机基础上，提出了不平衡初级轴向磁通磁悬浮发电机结构。提出了一种与电枢和永磁解耦的直流励磁方式，实现电机功率和悬浮力解耦。提出电枢轭部绕制的设计结构，优化了电机磁链和励磁特性。针对电机的极槽配比进行研究，对比不同调制比对电机的性能影响，获得了输出功率随调制比变化规律。针对电压谐波、悬浮力波动等，开展了极弧系数等参数的优化。提出了实现功率提升的交流励磁方式，对交流励磁对电机性能影响进行了分析。研究电机的损耗分布，完成了电机内损耗的计算分析。建立了电机三维有限元仿真模型，分别完成了电机的空载、负载以及励磁方式的瞬态分析。针对初级直流和交流励磁，首次推导出了直流励磁下包含永磁、励磁和电枢电流的悬浮力和电磁转矩的精确动态数学模型，完成了直流励磁下悬浮力控制仿真。推导出了交流励磁下的悬浮力和电磁转矩的动态方程，搭建了整体仿真模型，提出了电枢电流和励磁电流协调策略，进行了仿真。在优化基础上，确定了样机参数，完了样机测试机械平台设计。完成了样机的部分加工工作。后续将进行进一步的实验测试。搭建基于半实物仿真系统的控制系统平台，以对样机进行测试和控制验证。发表了相关论文7篇，其中SCI收录3篇，EI收录3篇，录用SCI论文1篇，申请发明专利2项，授权发明专利1项，培养硕士研究生1名，在读硕士研究生1名。通过本项目实施，获得策略了一种不平衡初级轴向磁通磁悬浮发电机结构，掌握了不平衡初级轴向磁通磁悬浮发电机悬浮力与励磁的精确模型，以及实现了悬浮力和功率解耦的方法。以上研究可推广应用到小型漂浮式垂直轴发电机或需要轴向负荷控制轴向磁通发电机中，可促进可再生能源技术的发展。