Man-made forest gap is one of the important alternatives in managing plantation according to the theory of "close to nature forest management". Gaps and their related microenvironment play important roles in litter decomposition, but little information has been available on it. Therefore, it is hypothesized that gap could significantly affect the decomposition of plantation litter, whereas different species will display various responses to gap size. Pinus massoniana plantation will be selected due to the widely distribution in south China. Gap size gradient will be clear-cutting in the sampled plantation. Mass loss, chemical component change and nutrient release, and their responses to gap size and location will be investigated during the needle/leaf litter decomposition of P. massoniana and its mixed tree species (Toona ciliate, Phoebe zhennan, Cinnamomum camphora). We are also going to focus on the dynamics of soil biological community structure and microbial biomass in soils and litters,which are related with litter decomposition. Combining with the observations of environment factors (such as light, temperature and moisture), the results could be expected to reveal the mechanisms of gap affecting on the decomposition of different species litter, and to understand the effects of gap on ecosystem processes in P. massoniana plantation. Furthermore, the results will provide efficient scientific theories for improving and managing low-benefit P. massoniana plantation. The present study is also the important content in siviculture and soil ecology.
人工林隙是人工林近自然经营的重要途径之一,其形成的特殊微环境可能影响凋落物分解,但一直缺乏必要的研究。因此,基于"林隙显著影响人工林凋落物分解过程,但不同树种的凋落物分解对林隙大小梯度具有不同响应"的科学假说,以我国南方分布最广的马尾松(Pinus massoniana)人工林为研究对象,采用林隙梯度实验,研究人工林隙大小和位置对马尾松及其红椿(Toona ciliata)、桢楠(Phoebe zhennan)、香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)等混交树种凋落叶质量损失、组分变化和养分释放的影响,研究与凋落物分解相关的土壤生物群落结构和微生物生物量动态。结合林隙内外的光水热动态,揭示马尾松人工林林隙对不同树种凋落物分解的作用机制,强化理解林隙对马尾松人工林生态系统过程的影响,为马尾松低效林改造和近自然经营与管理提供科学依据,丰富人工林培育和土壤生态的研究内容。
1)本项目以我国南方分布最广的马尾松(Pinus massoniana)人工林为研究对象,采用林隙动态梯度实验(G1:100 m2、G2:225 m2、G3:400 m2、G4:625 m2、G5:900 m2、G6:1225 m2、G7:1600 m2),研究了林窗对马尾松、红椿、桢楠、香樟等阔叶树种凋落叶分解特征、土壤生物群落结构和生物量动态、并分析林隙内外的光、水、热及植物群落结构变化等环境因子。结果显示,1)625-1600 m2林窗内高位芽植物比例高于小林窗;优势植物商陆、荩草、芒、芒萁、蕨的叶片C、N、P含量均为中小型林窗林窗最大(400-900m2);随林窗面积增大,林窗中心MBC、WSOC、ROC含量及其比例升高,小面积林窗(100~400 m2)更利于土壤有效氮的矿化,较大的林窗(1225m2)林窗蛋白酶活性最大而中小林窗(625 m2)羟胺还原酶活性最大。随林龄增加马尾松人工林郁闭度增大, 耐阴植物增多,草本层、灌木层多样性指数后期增加;阔叶树种油樟叶片C含量、C:N、C:P和N:P 在中型林窗(400–900 m2)边缘出现最大值。625 m2林窗边缘油樟在化学计量特征水平上具显著边缘效应。2)随林窗面积增大土壤细菌总含量先增高后降低,400m2林窗中细菌的含量最高,Rhodoplanes、嘉利翁氏菌属等为优势类群;凋落物细菌群落的丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度指数降低,但优势度指数增大,分变形菌门为优势类群; 土壤MBC, MBP和MBN分别在400-900m2林窗较高; SOM含量先升后降的趋势,AP为625 m2-900 m2林窗中央较高;中型林窗(625和900m2)林窗更能促进阔叶树种凋落叶质量损失和C含量(TC和DOC)N、P的释放和难降解物质的分解,中大林窗有利于K的释放,中型林窗(625和900 m2)更能促进两种凋落叶中含量的降低。凋落物分解过程中,土壤动物对凋落叶难降解物质的降解有显著贡献。马尾松人工林对大气降水中NO3-N、TP、S和NH4+-N均有截留作用,马尾松混交林林下植物多样性和生物量均高于马尾松人工林纯林。结果表明,采用625 m2-900 m2中型林窗是马尾松低效林近自然改造较为合理的技术参数,同时采用与阔叶树种(红椿、油樟)混交有利于促进林下植被恢复及提高林分生产力。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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