硅藻土及改性硅藻土吸附性能的表面物化分析

The project focuses on the modification mechanism and surface physical-chemical changes of diatomite after loading different polymer with the help of higher adsorption ability. The modified diatomite will be used as to control the pitch trouble by micro stickies in newspaper and old magazine paper recycling system. Furthermore the adsorption mechanism will be defined by investigating the surface physical-chemical changes in adsorption process. The project adopts innovational simulation research method. Then the modification of micro stickies will be carried out through substituting the different stickies component by chemical reagent with the similar physicla-chemical performance. Moreover the adsorption mechanism will be discussed as well. In modification experiment, based on the analysis of diatomite and surface physical-chemical performance of reagent, how to achieve higher adsorption ability of secondary bond between diatomite and reagent will be discussed through impregnating method. For experiment of adsorption mechanism, the control method and relationship of detailed structure, adsorption strength and region will be analyzed. The adsorption experiment will be transit from single component simulation to multi component simulation. In conclusion the effect will be verified by the adsorption situation in actual pulp system. The project proposes the cure method of micro stickies removal from the current pulping process according to the treatment technic for the pitch trouble which was caused by the retention of micro stickies in paper sheet. The project provides new thought and effective method for solving the micro stickies problem in newspaper and old magazine paper system. New approach of diatomite application can be provided as well.

研究在硅藻土的高吸附性下，将不同聚合物负载于硅藻土上的表面物化变化情况，探索改性机理；将改性硅藻土用以控制废新闻纸和废杂志纸中微细胶粘物带来的树脂障碍问题，研究吸附过程表面物化变化情况，明确吸附机理。课题采用创新的模拟研究方法，提出将微细胶粘物中各成分利用与其物化性能相似的化学试剂匹配替代，进行改性与吸附机理研究。改性探索实验以分析硅藻土和试剂的表面物化性质为基础，探讨通过浸渍方法如何获得两者之间次键结合的高强度吸附；在探讨吸附机理实验中，分析具体结构与吸附强度和范围之间的关系及控制方法。吸附实验由单组份模拟物过渡到混合组分模拟物吸附，最后通过实际浆料中的吸附以验证其效果。课题针对将微细胶粘物滞留在纸中而带来日后更严重胶粘物问题的缺陷处理方法，提出可通过工厂现有工艺将微细胶粘物从浆中去除的根治方法。项目能为解决两种纸浆的微细胶粘物问题提供新的思路和有效方法，也为硅藻土的应用提供新途径。

微细胶粘物是制约废纸回收利用的主要问题，对于当今造纸原料短缺的现状，废纸的循环利用愈发重要。项目主要利用硅藻土的吸附能力去除微细胶粘物，以实现胶粘物直接从浆中去除，从根本上减轻胶粘物的问题，实现白水的全封闭，增加废纸回用程度和循环周期。在对杂志废纸和废新闻纸的微细胶粘物的物理性能和化学性能进行分析的基础上，通过比较不同的模拟物，发现松香的物理化学性能与微细胶粘物相近，为此选用松香作为微细胶粘物的模拟物。研究结果为废纸体系微细胶粘物的分析与控制提供理论基础。其次，分离通过酸法、碱法对硅藻土进行改性，比较发现，碱浸处理后可有效提高硅藻土的吸附性能，最优处理条件为100℃下5%NaOH处理2h，改性后比表面积由增至30.96m2/g。研究结果扩大了硅藻土的高值化应用程度。最后利用硅藻土和改性的硅藻土分别对微细胶粘物进行吸附研究。结果表明硅藻土和改性硅藻土对胶粘物的吸附率分别为22.8%和34.7%。热力学和动力学研究发现硅藻土对胶粘物的吸附是吸热过程且自发，抄纸过程中白水的温度利于硅藻土对胶粘物的去除。项目针对将微细胶粘物滞留在纸中而带来日后更严重胶粘物问题的缺陷处理方法，提出可通过工厂现有工艺将微细胶粘物从浆中去除的根治方法。为解决两种纸浆的微细胶粘物问题提供新的思路和有效方法，也为硅藻土的高值化应用提供新途径。