贸易开放条件下就业保护立法与劳动力市场效应：基于企业和个体双重异质性的研究

Research on the effects of employment protection legislation (EPL) on the labor market and constructing the optimal employment protection system which balances flexibility and safety in the context of trade liberalization meets China's current needs. Moreover, it is becoming a newly and potential research topic to investigate the linkage between trade and labor market from the perspective of law and economics. Based on the model illustrating the linkage between employment protection legislation and trade which has been developed by Helpman(2010) and Olney(2013), the research project first applies country-sector level data to empirically investigate the effect of employment protection legislation on comparative advantage and location choice of foreign direct investment, which provides insights into the mechanism of EPL affecting trade pattern and FDI. Following that by taking firm heterogeneity and employee heterogeneity into account, the project tests the performance of EPL and together with trade on labor market, that is, wage, employment and work fluctuation using China's firm-level and employee-level data, respectively. For controlling endogeneity problem, this project uses the new developed Propensity Score Matching-Heterogeneous Treatment Effect (PSM-HTE) method. The underlying project aims to construct the optimal employment protection legislation system in the context of trade openness, which coordinates well with trade policy and balance the flexibility and safety appealing to firms and employees respectively.

研究开放条件下就业保护立法的劳动力市场效应、构建平衡灵活性和稳定性的最优就业保护制度是我国劳动力政策的现实需求，基于法与经济学的角度考察贸易与劳动力市场的动态机制正成为一个创新视角。在Helpman（2010）和Olney（2013）劳动市场规制与贸易开放的模型基础上，本课题运用实验经济学的思想，首先，应用跨国数据检验就业保护立法对贸易比较优势及FDI选址的影响，识别就业保护立法影响贸易开放的作用机制；其次，应用我国企业层面和劳动者层面微观数据分别从两个视角（企业异质性和个体异质性）评估劳动力市场在三个维度（工资、就业及波动）所受到就业保护立法的影响，并进一步检验就业保护立法和贸易开放的交互作用，同时应用倾向分数配对及异质处理效应（PSM-HTE）方法控制内生性问题；最后，基于理论模型和实证结论，构建我国与贸易政策相协调以及兼顾企业灵活性诉求和个体安全性诉求的就业保护制度。

研究开放条件下就业保护立法的劳动力市场效应、构建平衡灵活性和稳定性的最优就业保护制度是我国劳动力政策的现实需求，基于法与经济学的角度考察贸易与劳动力市场的动态机制正成为一个创新视角。.本研究在Helpman（2010）和Olney（2013）劳动市场规制与贸易开放的模型基础上，运用实验经济学的思想，开展了以下工作：首先，应用跨国数据检验就业保护立法对贸易比较优势及外商直接投资和中国企业对外直接投资选址的影响，识别就业保护立法影响贸易开放的作用机制；其次，应用我国企业层面和劳动者层面微观数据分别从两个视角（企业异质性和个体异质性）评估劳动力市场在三个维度（工资、就业及波动）所受到就业保护立法的影响，并进一步检验就业保护立法和贸易开放的交互作用；最后，基于理论模型和实证结论，构建我国与贸易政策相协调以及兼顾企业灵活性诉求和个体安全性诉求的就业保护制度。.以上工作取得了显著的成果，包括6篇学术论文发表在国内权威期刊上、1本专著、3个研究报告、2篇教研论文、25名研究生指导与培养。此外，完成了全球就业保护立法的动态数据库建设。本研究已完成对四类指标体系（OECD的指标体系；Botero et al. (2004)及世界银行的指标设计；Gwartney的指标体系；Heckman的指标体系）的优劣势比较以及数据收集，为法治的量化分析做出贡献。.以上成果，为探寻贸易开放与劳动力市场制度互动机制提供一种可能的理论解释和支撑；为我国在贸易开放背景下优化就业保护立法体系提供有力政策依据；为构建我国本土化的劳动力市场中的“法与经济学”理论体系提供一个切入角度；该课题的研究成果也为拓展我国贸易开放的利得提供一个全新的思路。同时，本项目将科研成果用于反哺教学，推进教学范式改革，提高人才培养质量。