太阳能电池阵大转角大扭矩柔性铰链优化设计及动力学特性研究

The problems of solar array are big mass of the driver, large impact and poor stability of the dynamic. Reasonable driver design can reduce the mass, the impact and vibration of the structure. It is an important method to reduce the cost of the spacecraft and improve its stability. This project intends to put forward a flexible joint with characteristics of large rotation angle and torque. Variable curvature thin-walled curved beam and multi-stable beam are the flexible element of the flexible joint. Based on the optimization method of configuration and size, the optimization design of flexible joint is conducted. The static and dynamic characteristics of flexible joint based on nonlinear finite element method are analyzed to get driver joint which satisfies the deploying stability need of deployable structure. Considering the large deformation of flexible joint, large flexible body-elastomer-rigid coupling multibody dynamics model is established to analyze the smoothness of the deployment process. Based on the theory of nonlinear vibration, considering the large deformation features of flexible joint, the nonlinear dynamic modeling and analysis of deployed structure are conducted. Finally, flexible joint and the prototype of solar array are developed. Dynamic experiments of the structure during deploying and deployed are conducted to verify the established dynamic model. Compared with traditional design, this kind of solar array with the characteristics of light weight, high stability, and low cost, has higher application value.

太阳能电池阵存在驱动装置质量大、展开冲击大和动态稳定性差等问题。合理的驱动结构和性能设计可以降低结构质量、减小冲击和振动，成为降低航天器成本和提高其稳定性的重要手段。本项目拟提出一种以变曲率薄板梁和多稳态梁为基本柔性单元的大转角、大扭矩的柔性铰链，基于构型和尺寸优化方法进行柔性铰链的优化设计，并基于非线性有限元方法进行柔性铰链的静、动力学特性研究，得到满足电池阵平稳展开需要的驱动铰链。针对太阳能电池阵中柔性铰链的大变形特性，建立大柔性体-弹性体-刚体耦合的多体动力学模型，进行机构展开过程平稳性分析。基于非线性振动理论，引入柔性铰链的大变形特性，进行展开后结构的非线性动力学模型建立和分析。最终进行柔性铰链和太阳能电池阵的研制，通过展开过程和展开后结构的动力学实验对建立的动力学模型进行验证。与传统设计相比，这种电池阵具有轻质、高稳定性和低成本的特点，具有较高的应用价值。

空间折展机构向着大型化和轻型化方向发展，为了降低传统铰链间隙、摩擦等导致的强非线性特性，解决大型折展机构的远距离驱动的问题。.本项目引入柔性铰链的一体式、无摩擦、无间隙等优良特性，进行了用于折展机构的大转角柔性铰链设计。提出储能结构与运动结构相分离的思想，基于模块法，利用四杆机构中曲柄摇杆机构的转角放大特性，以固化的四杆机构为变形模块，进行了转角为90度的柔性铰链的设计。同时，为了充分利用柔性单元在不同方向的柔性，利用双杆结构作为柔性单元，依据柔度椭球法建立目标参数模型，进行柔性铰链设计。为了扩展柔性铰链的形式，根据旋量理论，提出了杆、板约束条件下单自由度回转的柔顺机构中约束的添加规则，进行了3种大转角柔性铰链设计。本项目设计的6种柔性铰链中，单层柔性铰链的最大转角可以达到90度，最小的可行转角达到53度，转动刚度为原柔性铰链的2倍，转动角度增加为原来的2倍。当需要更大转角时，双层铰链转角可达180度。.利用超静定结构理论和伪刚体法进行了柔性铰链的静力学分析，得到铰链的转动刚度和平移刚度；为了提高分析精度，利用非线性有限元法进行了柔性铰链的转动性能分析，得到铰链的非线性转动刚度和平移刚度；基于柔性铰链的刚度模型和多目标优化方法进行柔性铰链的参数优化设计。.基于多体动力学理论和多体动力学仿真软件Adams进行含柔性铰链的蜂窝板展开动力学仿真，得到含柔性铰链的板件展开过程中的加速度、速度和位移曲线，可知柔性铰链驱动机构展开过程平稳，验证了柔性铰链进行蜂窝基板展开的可行性。进行了4种柔性铰链的转动角度和力学性能实验；进行了含柔性铰链的杆件展开和柔性铰链驱动蜂窝板的展开实验，进行了展开性能和展开后力学性能测试。本项目设计的柔性回转铰链在保证回转刚度的前提下，具有大的转角，通串联或者并联可进行更大转角范围和更高刚度要求的机构驱动，在空间折展、变构型机构设计及柔性加工平台等领域具有较广阔的应用前景。