水热催化地沟油非临氢生产绿色柴油的关键影响因素探究与LCA分析

Every year China produces large numbers of waste lipids, which poses a potential threat to the natural environment and human health. Using waste lipids as feedstock for the production of green diesel will benefit the society, economy, and environment. Since the production of green diesel from vegetable oils via hydrodeoxygenation is a high energy consumption process, the decarboxylation without addition of external hydrogen has been developed as an alternative. However, the production kinetics of green diesel in the absence of hydrogen is much lower. Thus, catalysts screening will be performed in order to find an effective catalyst with reasonable price. The kinetics for a range of model compounds will be measured to evaluate the influence of key structural features of fatty acids present in waste lipids. The effects of co-existing chemicals on the production of green diesel, and the deactivation of catalysts will be evaluated, in order to find solutions for the pretreatment of waste lipids and regeneration of catalysts. This research will also establish a scalable process model for life cycle analyses to elucidate the broader economic, energy and environmental impacts, which will provide theoretical basis for the development and improvement of hydrothermal catalytic process.

我国每年地沟油产量巨大，其直接排放将危害生态安全，回流餐桌又威胁人类健康，因而将其转化为绿色柴油极具社会、经济和环境价值。以精炼植物油为原料加氢脱氧制备绿色柴油是目前的主流方法，但该技术氢耗大、成本高，因而采用非食用油脂非临氢脱羧制备绿色柴油的工艺逐渐得到发展。在非临氢条件下绿色柴油产率偏低，为了克服这个难题，本项目拟通过间歇实验和动力学模拟，筛选出性能优良、成本低廉的催化剂，通过系统表征解析催化剂活性与其关键物理化学特性之间的关系；系统考察酯中脂肪酸碳链长度、C=C不饱和键位置和数量对绿色柴油生成动力学及反应路径的影响，通过量子化学计算揭示影响绿色柴油产率的关键结构因素；阐明地沟油中共存杂质对绿色柴油产率和催化剂活性产生影响的具体作用机制，为地沟油预处理和催化剂再生提供理论依据。从生命周期角度对绿色柴油进行经济、能源、环境评价，以期为绿色柴油的开发利用和生产工艺的改进提供理论依据。

我国每年地沟油产量巨大，其直接排放将危害生态安全，回流餐桌又威胁人类健康，因而将其转化为绿色柴油极具社会、经济和环境价值。以精炼植物油为原料加氢脱氧制备绿色柴油是目前的主流方法，但该技术氢耗大、成本高，因而采用非食用油脂非临氢脱羧制备绿色柴油的工艺逐渐得到发展。在非临氢条件下绿色柴油产率偏低，为了克服这个难题，本项目通过间歇实验和动力学模拟，筛选出了性能优良、成本低廉的催化剂，通过系统表征解析了催化剂活性与其关键物理化学特性之间的关系；系统考察了酯中脂肪酸碳链长度、C=C不饱和键位置和数量对绿色柴油生成动力学及反应路径的影响；阐明了地沟油中共存杂质对绿色柴油产率和催化剂活性产生影响的具体作用机制，为地沟油预处理和催化剂再生提供理论依据。从生命周期角度对绿色柴油进行能源、环境评价，为绿色柴油的开发利用和生产工艺的改进提供理论依据。