光热耦合电源器件建模及基础问题研究

A plate-panel photovoltaic and thermoelectric coupling power device model based on GaInP/GaAs/Ge three-junction solar cell and Bi2Te3 thermoelectric generator will be built in this proposed research, which would compensate the decline in power output of photovoltaic cells under high radiation near the sun in space. The structure of the photovoltaic and thermoelectric coupling power device will be optimized by a comprehensive analysis of thermal radiation, converction, heat conduction, photoelectric conversion and other factors. Further more the output power and the conversion effeciency under geiven condtions of the device will be calculated severely. At last the power output coupling mode of the device will also be investigated in detail. Results of this research will help reveal the advangtages of the photovoltaic and thermoelectric coupling power devices comparing with traditional photovoltaic cells, and provide a theoretical basis for the preparation this novel device. It not only has basilic scientific significance, but also has a promising prospect of application for further improving the utilization of space solar power.

空间近日等强辐照条件下光伏电池输出功率大幅下降，为解决这一问题将光伏器件与热电器件结合起来，以GaInP/GaAs/Ge光伏电池和Bi2Te3热电池为基本单元，构建平板式光热耦合电源器件模型。综合考虑器件基体热辐射，热传导和热对流及光电转换等多种因素，优化GaInP/GaAs/Ge-Bi2Te3光热耦合电源器件结构，分析其特定辐射条件下的输出功率与转化效率，研究光电池和热电池电能输出耦合方式，明确这一新型器件在强辐照条件下相对于传统光伏器件的优势。本项目的完成将为光热电耦合电源器件的制备提供理论基础，这对进一步提高空间太阳能利用率具有重要的科学意义。

光热耦合电源器件，也可以称作光热级联器件，是将光伏电池与热电器件耦合为一个整体的新型半导体器件，能同时对太阳能进行光电与热电转化，适用于高温、空间高辐射等极端环境。本项目以GaInP/GaAs/Ge光伏电池和Bi2Te3热电池为基本单元，构建了平板式光热耦合电源器件模型。通过有限元计算，综合考虑器件基体热辐射、热传导、热对流及光电转换等多种因素，优化GaInP/GaAs/Ge-Bi2Te3光热耦合电源器件结构，分析其特定辐射条件下的转化效率和最大输出功率。研究发现，Bi2Te3热电池的集热比、热臂长度对其工作温度与性能有显著影响，热沉对器件转化效率与输出功率影响相对较弱。Bi2Te3热电池单纯作为太阳能热电器件时，其热电转化效率不低于5.4%；作为GaInP/GaAs/Ge-Bi2Te3光热耦合电源器件的热电单元时其热电转化效率可达2.1%。进一步的研究发现，在600~2700W/m2 辐射功率范围内GaInP/GaAs/Ge-Bi2Te3光热耦合电源器件的转化效率相对于GaInP/GaAs/Ge光伏电池有4个百分点左右的提高。这一结果明确了光热耦合电源器件相对于传统光伏器件的优势，表明光热耦合电源器件在理论上是可行的，具备进一步实验与应用研究的价值。本项目的完成为光热电耦合电源器件的制备提供了理论基础，这对进一步提高空间太阳能利用率具有重要的科学意义。