空间光学载荷微纳动力学及其诱导波前畸变补偿的集成设计

The observation satellites with high resulation will be developed emphatically during China's 13th Five-Year Plan. This project aims to the serious wavefront distortions of their optical payloads with high stability. The modeling approach of the micro-nano dynamics is investigated as well as the wavefront distortion compensation control and the integrated design approach. At first, the micro-nano dynamics modeling is proposed in the range of high stability. The Preisach hysteresis is employed to derive the microdeformation dynamics model of the typical plate unit. The Maxwell friction is employed to construct the spontaneous micro-nano sliding dynamics of the joints in optical payloads. Next, the macro dynamics and the micro-nano dynamics are synthesized to present the cross scale dynamics of the optical payloads. Then, the fast piezoelectric steering mirror and the microdeformation MEMS mirror are employed as actuators. The rigid wavefront distortions are compensated using the composite axis robust control. The nonuniform wavefront distortions are compensated using the distributed control. Furthermore, the control loops are optimized by the integrated design. Finally, the effectivenesss of the proposed methods in this project will be demonstrated by implementing the micro-nano dynamics experiments and the wavefront distortion compensation experiments of the optical payloads. This project is beneficial to overcoming the space resolution limition of observation satellites and achieve the decimeter scale imaging.

本项目以“十三五”期间国家将重点研发的高分辨率观测卫星为背景，针对其高稳定光学载荷突出的波前畸变问题，研究微纳动力学建模方法、波前畸变的补偿控制方法和集成设计方法。首先在高稳定区间开展光学载荷微纳动力学建模研究，针对面状单元采用Preisach迟滞建立微变形动力学模型，针对铰链单元采用麦克斯韦摩擦环节构造微钠滑移动力学模型；其次通过综合各单元宏观尺度动力学和微纳尺度动力学建立光学载荷的跨尺度微纳动力学模型；然后推导微钠动力学诱导波前畸变，并研究波前畸变的补偿和集成设计方法，其中快摆镜和MEMS微变形镜作为执行器，对刚体波前畸变进行复合轴控制补偿，对非一致波前畸变进行分布式控制补偿，并对控制回路进行集成优化设计；最后通过光学载荷微纳动力学试验和波前畸变补偿控制试验验证本项目研究方法的有效性。本项目研究对我国观测卫星突破空间分辨率限制，实现分米级成像有重要的促进作用。

本项目以高分辨率观测卫星为背景，针对高稳定光学载荷突出的微纳动力学和波前畸变问题，探索了微纳动力学建模方法、补偿控制方法和集成设计方法。在高稳定区间研究了展开式光学载荷典型单元微纳动力学机理建模问题，探索了铰链微纳滑移动力学模型。为拓展望远镜口径，提出了基于载荷编队和复合编队的展开式空间分布望远镜设计，研究了其微纳动力学及诱导波前畸变机理，并探索了展开式空间光学载荷与卫星的跨尺度微纳动力学，分析了微纳动力学诱导波前畸变问题。为提高在空间物理科学中的应用，进一步拓展研究了空间分布系统的广域微纳动力学行为。针对光学载荷光轴抖动和波前畸变，探索了复合轴控制、自适应控制及分布式鲁棒控制方法，实现了微纳量级的波前畸变补偿，并进行了微纳动力学实验研究。为提升集成度，针对展开式光学载荷给出了一种波前畸变主动补偿的集成优化控制方法。在本项目研究成果的工程应用方面，基于项目相关技术，研制了4种原理样机，其中超静主动隔振样机应用到空间站时频科学实验系统，空间目标模拟与跟踪样机应用到国防项目。在技术指标实现方面，仿真表明所研究的载荷编队及复合编队将波前畸变降低3个数量级以上，所采用的非一致波前畸变分布式控制将波前畸变降低3个量级，实现了项目所提技术指标。