喷灌水肥分布对马铃薯产量和品质空间变异的影响

Potato with high yield and good quality plays an important role in implementing strategy of potato as staple food in China, However, the non-uniform distribution of water and fertilizer in the potato field results in low production efficiency. The spatial variability of water and fertilizer in farming soil and their spatial relationships with potato yield and quality are key scientific issue. Potato yield and quality data on the GPS geo-referenced points, along with information on dynamics of soil water, fertilizer and soil texture, will be collected for continuous three years in the potato field of northwest China. Spatial statistics and other statistical methods will be applied to study the effect of both irrigation uniformity and soil texture on the spatial distribution of water and fertilizer. The spatial pattern of the potato yield and quality components, and their stability in three different years are studied. The yield and quality maps obtained through spatial interpolation. The possible relationships of potato yield and quality with water and fertilizer will be investigated. The spatial variability of potato yield and quality will be differentiated into fractions according to the sources of the spatial variability to identify the most important factors affecting potato yield and quality. The feasibility of site specific management with basis of main control factors will be explored. The scientific basis will be provided for improving water and fertilizer use efficiency and production efficiency and in turn will insure in implementing strategy of potato as staple food through this project.

高产优质是我国马铃薯主粮化战略实施的重要保障，但在农田大型灌溉过程中水肥空间分布不均导致马铃薯田间整体生产效率低。该实际问题所对应的关键科学问题是耕作层水肥的空间变异特性及其与马铃薯产量和品质的空间相关关系。本项目拟在我国马铃薯主产区之一的西北地区进行，GPS精确定位监测点，连续3年观测获得不同年度的产量、品质、水肥及土壤质地等相关空间数据。采用地统计学与其它数学方法，分析灌溉均匀度和土壤质地对水肥空间分布的影响；探究马铃薯产量和品质的空间变异特征及其时间稳定性，获得产量和品质的时空分布图；定量分析水肥空间分布对马铃薯产量和品质空间变异的影响，识别影响马铃薯产量和品质的主控因子，探讨基于主控因子的马铃薯合理分区精准管理的可行性。研究结果将对提高马铃薯水肥空间利用效率及田间生产率具有重要的科学意义，对马铃薯主粮化战略的实施具有重要的生产实践意义。

高产优质是我国马铃薯主粮化战略实施的重要保障，但在农田大型灌溉过程中水肥空间分布不均导致马铃薯田间整体生产效率低。试验选在我国马铃薯主产区之一的西北地区进行，GPS精准确定监测点，测量了马铃薯的产量、品质、水肥及土壤质地等相关空间数据。采用地统计学的法分析了大型喷灌条件下马铃薯产量品质的空间变异特性及其影响因素。得到以下主要结论：土壤属性与马铃薯产量及品质指标均存在空间变异性，土壤质地、电导率、马铃薯产量及品质指标均具有中等程度的空间变异性。土壤砂粒含量与马铃薯产量、还原糖、VC均呈显著相关关系，土壤质地的空间分布对马铃薯产量的空间变异有影响。马铃薯总产量与土壤含水率的拟合函数在不同土壤属性条件下存在差异。分区精准灌溉对减小产量的变异有重要的作用，有助于低产区产量的提高。大型喷灌条件下马铃薯农田土壤含水率的平均值估算需要随机取样87个。研究结果将对提高马铃薯水肥空间利用效率及田间生产率具有重要的科学意义，对马铃薯主粮化战略的实施具有重要的生产实践意义。