灌溉均匀度对西北旱区葡萄产量和品质空间变异性的影响

Grapewine has become one of the most planted economic crops in inland region of northwest China. The uniformity of the grapes in flavor and color has great impact on quality of the wine, and in turn on the economic gains of the growers. Due to non-uniform irrigation and widespread spatial variability soil properties and topography, winegrape yield and quality inevitably display some degree of within-field spatial variability. Understanding spatial variability of winegrape yield and quality and their relationships with soil water dynamics, soil and topographic attributes is of importance for improving management practices and growers' income. Yield and quality data of winegrape on the GPS geo-referenced points in a vineyard, along with information on dynamics of soil water, soil properties, and topography, will be collected for continuous three years. Spatial statistics, together with other statistical methods will be applied to study the spatial pattern of the winegrape yield and quality components, and their stability in three different years. The yield and quality maps obtained through spatial interpolation will be explored to classify the vineyard into different areas with distinct characteristics. The possible relationships of winegrape yield and quality with soil water status, soil and topography properties will be investigated, and possible predictions models from soil and topography will be established. The spatial variability of winegrape yield and quality will be differentiated into fractions according to the sources of the spatial variability to identify the most important factors affecting winegrape yield and quality.

酿酒葡萄近年来成为我国西北地区主要经济作物之一，葡萄果实品质的均一性对于所酿酒的质量和果园收益有很大影响。由于灌溉的不均匀及土壤性质、地势等因素普遍具有空间变异性，不可避免地葡萄产量和品质也具有一定程度的空间变异性。研究葡萄产量和品质的空间变异性程度及其与灌溉均匀度、土壤、地势等相关因素的定量关系，是实施果园精准管理、提高果园收益的重要基础。本项目拟在我国西北地区葡萄园GPS定位点进行采样和连续观测，获得不同年度的葡萄产量和品质指标及土壤含水量空间分布、土壤性质、地势的相关数据。根据采集数据，分析葡萄产量和品质的空间变异特征及其相互关系，获得葡萄产量和品质的空间分布图，了解葡萄产量和品质空间分布特征的稳定性。系统分析葡萄产量和品质与土壤含水量、土壤性质等因素的定量关系，建立葡萄产量和品质的预测模型，识别影响葡萄产量和品质的主控因子，探讨将果园合理分区，实施精准管理的可行性。。

通过在GPS定位点获得位于西北干旱区酿酒葡萄园内葡萄产量和品质指标（颗粒大小、果汁pH、 可溶性固形物等）及土壤性质的空间分布，运用地统计学和其它统计方法研究葡萄产量和品质指标的空间变异水平及变异特征，并探讨其与土壤含水量的时空分布、土壤性质、地势之间的关系。获得了以下结果：土壤含水量的空间分布特征在土壤不同深度，生育期的不同时间，以及不同年份之间存在差异，而其与土壤平均含水量的关系也在随土壤深度、时间的不同而不同；不同年份的葡萄产量均表现为中等程度的变异，果色指数表现为强的空间变异性，而果粒横径，PH和可溶性固形物表现为弱的变异性，其余品质指标均表现为中等程度的变异性；葡萄产量的空间结构比较相似，具有时空稳定性，其大部分空间变异是结构性变异，约占总变异的87%，随机性变异仅占不足13%，但是葡萄果实品质的空间变异性不稳定；产量和表层土壤含水率的时空模式显著负相关，并随土壤深度的增加相关性逐渐减小，另一方面果实品质与土壤含水率的空间模式很少有显著相关性；葡萄的产量与0-20cm深度土壤钙离子、粘粒和粉粒含量呈显著的负相关关系，而与土壤砂粒含量呈显著的正相关关系。在20-40 cm 深度，产量与土壤属性的相关关系不同年份并不一致；表层0-20cm和下层20-40 cm 的土壤属性对产量总变异的解释均比较少，产量总变异的大部分没有被所选的土壤性质解释,在田间土壤属性可解释的部分中，表层和下层土壤性质对产量总变异中的非空间结构部分解释相对较多。