高速铁路轨道结构检测关键理论与方法

For the three key measurement content which is using the method of combining with theoretical research, simulation analysis and field test is urgently needed in the safe and long-term service of the track structure of High Speed Railway, carrying out the theory and method study of rack geometric irregularity rapid test, continuous welded rail condition monitoring and track stiffness movement detection is to explore to construct works maintenance and real-time feedback test evaluation system. The topic will build the efficient test theory of track geometric irregularity based on space curve and dynamic static integrated method, coming up with the evaluation and control method with considering the wave length influence ,and guiding the research and development of new type railway inspection instrument. Then the topic builds the condition monitoring theory of continuous welded rail based on two-way strain method, fiber Bragg grating method, wireless ad-hoc network and Network remote control techniques, putting forward the theory of comprehensive evaluation of multi-parameter and multi-source fuzzy evaluation in high sensitive section, and providing the theoretical and technical support for the development of long time and wide area Monitoring Platform of CWR state. At the same time, the topic researchs related laws between track stiffness and track modal parameter, building the detection theory of track stiffness based on artificial incentive and modal parameter identification, putting forward the movable excitation and pickup vibrating technology, and providing a new approach to track stiffness on-line detection. The achievement Has great significance and a good prospect of ensuring the high speed train safe operation and realizing scientific maintenance of track structure.

针对高速铁路轨道结构安全长效服役急需的三项关键检测内容，应用理论研究、仿真分析、现场试验相结合的方法，开展轨道几何不平顺高效检测、无缝线路状态监测、轨道刚度移动检测的理论与方法研究，探索构建面向工务维护及实时反馈的检测评估体系。将建立基于空间曲线、动静结合的轨道几何不平顺高效检测理论，提出考虑波长影响的轨道不平顺评价和控制方法，指导新型轨检仪的研发。将建立基于双向应变法、光纤光栅法、无线自组网技术、Web网络远程监控技术的无缝线路状态检测理论，提出高敏感区段多参数、多源评判的综合评估理论，为研制无缝线路状态长期、广域监测平台提供理论及技术支持。研究轨道刚度与钢轨模态参数的相关规律，建立基于人工激励、模态参数识别轨道刚度检测理论，提出移动式激振及拾振技术，为轨道刚度在线检测提供新思路。其成果对确保高速列车的安全运行、实现轨道结构的科学养护维修具有十分重要的意义和良好的应用前景。

针对高速铁路轨道结构安全长效服役急需的三项关键检测内容，应用理论研究、仿真分析、现场试验相结合的方法，开展轨道几何不平顺高效检测、无缝线路状态监测、轨道刚度移动检测的理论与方法研究，探索构建面向工务维护及实时反馈的检测评估体系。取得的重要成果有：（1）建立车辆-轨道空间耦合动力学模型，得出了影响车辆-轨道耦合系统振动的敏感波长分布特征，用于识别空间曲线的不平顺状态。（2）以相对测量提升检测效率，引入静态绝对测量数据平差以控制整体精度，形成高效的轨道几何检测技术。（3）提出了一类改进N点弦测法，形成一系列的衍生轨道不平顺测量方法。（4）基于快速检测的方法，形成了轨道几何不平顺控制和评价体系。（5）将多种研究成果进行整合，研发试制了轨道多功能检测小车，能够进行轨道长波不平顺、轨道短波波磨及钢轨光带的检测。（6）基于波谱单元+辛数学建立的车辆−轨道耦合频域计算模型，高效预测扣件弹性胶垫的宽频动力性能对高频振动响应的影响规律。（7）建立双自由度解析及多自由度数值模型两种轨道动刚度计算模型，并提出动刚度反演扣件刚度的方法。（8）研制了能够移动定点检测轨道刚度的轨道刚度检测小车，可现实在线轨道宽频动刚度值的获得。（9）建立周期性支撑的轨道梁模型并推导轨道刚度的方法，进行了轨道平顺度及健康状况的评估试验。（10）分析了温度等外荷载作用下无缝线路状态参数的变化规律及敏感性，并探索了钢轨纵向应力-应变修正方法。（11）建立高架站-无砟轨道-道岔长期监测系统，实现了高架站轨道系统服役状态的实时在线监控与预测预警。（12）开展了无缝线路检测与监测的室内外试验，试验结果良好。（13）构建了高速道岔功能状态的监测系统。其成果对确保高速列车的安全运行、实现轨道结构的科学养护维修具有十分重要的意义。