贯穿大孔空心微球的合成及其对大尺寸客体物质的装载、富集行为研究

This project intends to adopt miniemulsion-droplet templating technique, combining with the strong non-covalent interaction between -NH2, -COOH functional groups of biological macromolecular chain (such as lysozyme) and inorganic nanoparticles (such as TiO2 and ZrO2, etc.), to fabricate hollow spheres with large-through-holes in the shell. By using different kind and concentration of biological macromolecules, followed by a hydrothermal aging process, the structure including pore size, specific surface area etc. of the hollow spheres could be well controlled. Due to the large-through-holes in the shell, the larger guest materials, such as iron oxide nanoparticles and phosphoprotein could be loaded and enriched efficiently, because such large-through-holed hollow spheres overcome the "size exclusion effect" and "shadow effect" of traditional mesporous materials.

本项目拟采用细乳液滴模板法，借助溶菌酶等生物大分子链上丰富的-NH2、-COOH官能团与无机纳米晶粒(TiO2、ZrO2等)之间较强的非共价键相互作用，构筑具有贯穿大孔的空心微球。通过改变生物大分子种类及用量、水热陈化条件等调控贯穿大孔空心微球孔径及比表面积等结构参数，实现贯穿大孔空心微球对磁性纳米颗粒、磷酸蛋白等较大尺寸客体物质的高效快速装载与富集，解决传统介孔空心微球因“体积排阻效应”及“阴影效应”难以实现大尺寸客体物质装载及传质的问题。

传统介孔微球孔径往往小于10nm，对小分子客体物质的装载与传输已经比较成熟，但是对于尺寸较大的客体物质，例如蛋白质、生物酶、大分子药物及纳米颗粒等而言，由于“体积排阻效应”，即装载过程中客体物质因尺寸较大而难以进入介孔孔洞；同时，在传质过程中则受制于深邃的介孔孔道产生的“阴影效应”，大尺寸客体物质难以快速完全释放出来。本项目借助溶菌酶等生物大分子链上丰富的-NH2、-COOH官能团与无机纳米晶粒(SiO2、TiO2)之间较强的非共价键相互作用，构筑了孔径可调控的贯穿大孔、多级孔和树枝状孔微球，并对微球孔径调控机制进行了细致研究。实现了微球对磁性纳米颗粒、磷酸蛋白、过氧化氢酶等较大尺寸客体物质的高效快速装载与富集，解决传统介孔空心微球难以实现大尺寸客体物质装载及传质的问题。