电磁线圈发射器瞬变多物理场耦合特征及磁场排布规律研究

The electromagnetic coil launcher is considered as one of the most important research aspects because it has advantages such as wide range load, convenient control, and it does not damage the launch devices due to free from the friction between the barrel and the load. Although the principle of the electromagnetic coil launch is simple, high velocity and high energy conversion efficiency are difficult to obtain because of complicated dynamic process and engineering realization. It severely restricts the engineering application for this technology. This project aims at improving the energy conversion efficiency, and the transient multi-physics coupling characteristic and magnetic field arrangement law are investigated through basic science during launching. The details include: theoretical analysis of electromagnetic, temperature and stress coupled relationship between the coil and load, and the movement law under the coupled fields; building the multi-physics coupled model for the coil and load, the basic factors that influences the system efficiency is opened out; the multi-stage coil magnetic field arrangement that influences on the launching performance is investigated; through the multi-physics simulation and experimental research, the quantitative prediction method for the energy conversion efficiency based on the magnetic field arrangement, parameters of driving coil and load, and control strategy is built. This item opens out the transient multi-physics coupling characteristic and general law for the magnetic field arrangement on multi-stage coli launcher, which provides the theoretical and technical foundation for improving the conversion efficiency and developping engineering launcher.

电磁线圈发射器具有抛体质量范围大，受控性好，无烧蚀等优点，已成为近年研究热点之一。虽然电磁线圈发射原理简单，但由于其复杂的动态过程和工程可实现性等难题，难以获得较高的抛体速度和能量转化效率，严重制约了该项技术工程应用。本项目以提高系统发射效率为目标，对发射过程中瞬变多物理场耦合特征以及磁场排布规律进行基础科学研究。具体内容包括：理论分析线圈与抛体的电、磁、热、力耦合关系以及抛体在耦合场条件下的运动规律；建立多级线圈与抛体复杂多物理场耦合模型，通过仿真揭示影响发射效率的基本因素；研究多级线圈磁场排布方式对发射性能影响；通过多物理场仿真与试验研究，建立基于磁场排列形式、驱动线圈与抛体参数和控制策略等因素的能量转化效率定量预测方法。本项目旨在揭示多级线圈瞬变多物理场的耦合特征及磁场排布的一般规律，为有效提高系统效率和研制可工程化应用的发射装置奠定理论和技术基础。

电磁线圈发射器具有抛体质量范围大，受控性好，无烧蚀等优点，已成为近年研究热点之一。由于其复杂的动态过程和工程可实现性等难题，难以获得较高能量转化效率，严重制约了该项技术工程应用。因此，为了提高系统发射效率，对发射过程中瞬变多物理场耦合特征以及磁场排布规律进行基础科学研究，揭示提高系统效率的方法。主要研究内容与成果如下：.（1）开展了电磁线圈发射器耦合特征研究。对不同结构的驱动线圈和驱动线圈内半径进行了分析，提出了驱动线圈设计准则，在低速段采用长径比约为1的线圈，在高速段时宜采用长径比大于1.2的线圈，同时应当减小驱动线圈和电枢线圈之间的平均电流半径距离，为驱动线圈的结构设计提供了依据。.（2）开展了电枢减速特性研究。引起电枢减速的根本原因是电枢运动导致耦合的轴向磁场迅速减小以及驱动线圈电流的减小。通过改变电源参数和电枢结构形式，可有效的减小电枢减速特性，为发射器提升效率提供了技术支撑。.（3）开展了温度场对发射性能影响研究。建立了多级同步感应线圈炮电磁温度场耦合的电流环仿真模型，研究了驱动线圈温度和电枢温度对发射性能的影响规律，为发射系统温度控制提供了理论依据。.（4）开展了磁场方向变化对发射性能影响研究。对相同磁场方向和不同磁场方向条件下的发射性能进行了仿真计算，并对磁场变化的过渡过程进行了研究，仿真结果表明，磁场反向后电枢电流的加速段主要为驱动线圈电流的下降沿。磁场反向后的线圈发射效率达到了31.4%。.（5）开展了基于磁场排布规律的能量转化预测方法研究。研究了磁场多次反向后的线圈级数的变化规律，提出了基于磁场排列形式、系统回路参数、电枢速度、发射器口径等因素的能量转化效率定量预测模型，并进行了预测验证，为多级线圈发射器磁场排布设计提供了依据。