区域果蔬外贸冷链物流模式及其机制创新研究——基于新疆9个国家级陆路口岸

The project based on the foundation and conditions of cold chain logistics resources integration the development of fruit and vegetable between Xinjiang and Central Asian countries, research cold chain logistics mode and mechanism of foreign trade of regional fruit and vegetable from the theory and practice two layer. Through related field survey collecting a large number of facts and figures, analysis on the behavior and operation mechanism of the subject of the current cold chain logistics mode of foreign trade of fruit and vegetable, evaluation on the performance of different mode through comprehensive evaluation method, the defects and problems of cold chain logistics mode of foreign trade of fruit and vegetable by qualitative and quantitative analysis at present stage. To put forward the improvement countermeasures of cold chain logistics mode of foreign trade of fruit and vegetable in Xinjiang.Aiming at the problems existed of information sharing and trade cooperation problem in the cold chain logistics of foreign trade of fruit and vegetable in Xinjiang, by constructing the core enterprise leading "four in one" cold chain logistics new mode of foreign trade of fruit and vegetable in Xinjiang, the thought of supply chain logistics management into the new cold chain logistics mode of foreign trade of fruit and vegetable in Xinjiang, so as to realize the transformation from traditional modes based on function to integration mode based on the supply chain management. In order to solve the problem of supply chain coordination and ensure the construction of new model, design a set of effective cooperation mechanism of display function for the new mode.The purpose of this project is to improve and innovation of the new cold chain logistics mode of foreign trade of fruit and vegetable in Xinjiang, increase the income of the farmers and export-oriented enterprises related agriculture, to support the healthy and sustainable development of modern agriculture and modern logistics industry.

本项目基于新疆和中亚国家间区域果蔬冷链物流资源整合的发展条件和基础，从理论与实践两个层面对区域果蔬外贸冷链物流模式及其机制进行研究。通过相关实地调查走访搜集大量统计资料及数据，对新疆现行果蔬外贸冷链物流模式的主体行为与运行机理进行研究，并应用综合评价法对不同模式主体绩效进行评价，定性和定量分析现阶段模式存在的缺陷和问题，从而提出新疆果蔬外贸冷链物流模式改进对策。针对新疆果蔬外贸冷链物流发展中存在的贸易协作问题、信息共享问题，构建核心企业主导的“四位一体”果蔬外贸冷链物流新模式，将供应链物流管理思想纳入新疆果蔬外贸冷链物流新模式中，从而实现从基于职能的传统模式向基于供应链管理的整合模式转变。为解决供应链协调问题和保障新模式建设，设计一套行之有效的配合新模式发挥作用的机制。本项目对完善与创新新疆果蔬外贸冷链物流模式，增加农民和外向型涉农企业收入，支撑现代农业和物流产业健康持续发展具有重要意义。

在“丝绸之路经济带”重大战略构想和向西开放的背景下，充分发挥新疆“丝绸之路经济带”核心区独特的物流通道作用，在新疆果蔬国际贸易额稳步增加的良好态势下，继续抓住与中亚和俄罗斯等周边国家经贸往来的机会，对于促进新疆经济社会全面发展具有举足轻重的作用，而果蔬冷链物流的发展在果蔬国际贸易开展中具有相当关键的作用，同时，加快发展果蔬冷链物流对我国发展现代农业、提高农民收入具有重要意义。.首先，对研究中的两个关键词，生鲜果蔬、冷链物流进行界定；其次，在定性分析新疆果蔬出口现状及其口岸发展现状的情况下，应用因子分析法对丝绸之路经济带沿线国内12省市的果蔬冷链物流发展水平进行实证研究发现，果蔬冷链物流发展水平呈现东中西部阶梯状态势。再次，在定性描述分析中国生鲜农产品冷链物流模式（仓储型、运输型、配送型、综合型、供应链型、电商型和平台型七种冷链物流模式）的基础上，对新疆果蔬冷链物流模式及其绩效评价进行实证分析，新疆果蔬冷链物流模式总结为四种。①仓储企业主导的“供应链断点式”出口物流模式；②外贸公司主导的“供应链分割式”出口物流模式；③外贸企业主导的“供应链跨境一站式”出口物流模式；④加工企业主导的“供应链内涵式”出口物流模式。加工企业主导的出口物流模式和外贸企业主导的出口物流模式综合绩效水平均为“较好”，而外贸公司主导的出口物流模式和仓储企业主导的出口物流模式综合绩效水平均为“一般”。然后，着力打造出口核心企业主导的“四位一体”果蔬冷链物流模式，果蔬出口核心企业应具备四种能力，一是技术能力，二是平台能力，三是物流硬件保障能力，四是库存管理与控制能力。果蔬冷链物流伙伴之间合作，供应链效率更高，效益更好，合作坚固性、盈利能力、竞争力增强。合作机制是果蔬供应链联盟有效运行的基本机制，主要包括利益分配机制、信任机制、信息共享机制。科学合理的利益分配机制是维持果蔬供应链联盟存在和稳定发展的关键，信息共享机制与利益分配机制相辅相成。最后，对大数据视角下生鲜农产品冷链物流发展趋势及其对策建议进行探讨。