基于需求选择的养老设施类型决定机制及空间布局模型

Based on the theory of environmental transition, using demand selection as a point of departure to grasp the lifestyles of the elderly, this study aims to construct the difference category of elderly facilities and to explore the determination mechanism for category of elderly facilities which takes the elderly as core, provides the continuous care and is suitable for the care demand and the management service in Chinese city after establishing the continuity type of care for the elderly, then to construct the spatial distribution model of category of elderly facilities in order to form a network system covering home-based care, community care and institutions care..This study systematically provides the maneuverable strategies and suggestions to enrich and consummate related policies and codes. In the condition of severe shortage of care resources at present, it has significant social value to balance supply and demand of category, number and distribution of elderly facilities, and also, to construct a harmony society by improving the quality of life of the elderly..Conducting interdisciplinary study crossing the fields of architecture, urban and rural planning, sociology, human geography and gerontology, this study uses the research methods of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis for category research instead of the methods based on subjective experience. The repeatable, verifiable and transparent research methods show significant academic value to be applicable in a wider arrange of the related researches in the other urban areas of China..In the prophase researches, the theory of environmental transition was established, the preliminary framework of category of elderly facilities was explored and the small-scaled investigation was conducted. The feasibility of this study has been verified.

本研究基于环境转换理论，从需求选择把握老年人的生活方式，在确立连续性的养老服务类别体系的基础上，构建差异性的养老设施类型系统，探索以老年人为核心提供持续性照料服务的适合我国城市养老需求和管理服务特点的养老设施类型的决定机制，并建立养老设施空间布局模型，形成覆盖居家养老、社区养老、机构养老的养老设施类型网络系统。.本研究系统地提出具有可操作性的策略建议，丰富完善相关政策和规范。在养老资源严重匮乏的情况下，对实现养老设施数量、类型、布局的供需均衡，改善老年人的生活品质，构建和谐社会，具有重要的社会价值。.本研究进行建筑学、城乡规划学、社会学、人文地理、老年学等跨学科交叉研究，运用量化和质性研究方法，摒弃凭主观经验的方法。可重复可检验、过程透明的研究方法适用于我国其他城市地区，具有重要的学术价值。.前期研究建立了环境转换理论，探索了养老设施类型初步框架，开展了小规模调查，证明了本研究的可行性。

本项目基于老年人的需求选择和生活方式，探索建立了以老年人为核心、提供持续性照料服务、适合我国城市养老需求和管理服务特点的养老设施布局选址及优化模型，从而构建了连续性的养老服务类别体系和差异性的养老设施类型系统，确立了养老设施类型的决定机制。.首先，对养老设施和居家社区中老年人境行为进行研究的基础上，基于老年人对设施的使用选择意愿及养老服务需求状况，分析其对设施的服务需求类别和强度，确定了康复类、医疗类、生活类3类设施的类型划分和服务内容设置。然后，分别对康复类、医疗类、生活类设施的布局选址进行研究，发现LA模型虽能较精准地把握供需关系，但不能满足多目标共同作用的选址要求。最后，运用ε-约束法，完成了设施的精确选址及老年人的合理分配，从而构建了为老人提供连续性照料的设施服务类别体系，完成了满足老年人差异性养老需求的设施类型系统的布局选址模型。.本项目综合地揭示了老年人需求选择的内涵、结构和分布，确立了满足养老需求和管理服务要求，具有可操作性的养老设施类型决定机制。本项目可重复可检验、过程透明的系统化研究方法，适用于我国其他城市的养老设施类型和空间布局，具有重要的学术价值。.在当前养老资源严重匮乏的情况下，本项目对实现养老设施数量、类型、布局等方面的供需均衡，改善老年人的生活品质，构建和谐社会，具有重要的社会价值。