Pancreatic β-cells play a central role in glucose metabolism, and β-cell malfunction is a critical component underlying the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. The key function of β-cells is the regulated biosynthesis and adequate secretion of insulin in response to glucose levels. This is controlled by hormonal modulators such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1), which can potently stimulate glucose-dependent insulin production and secretion, and enhance β-cell proliferation while suppressing its apoptosis. Homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is essential for the proper function and survival of β-cells. Accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in the ER triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), which reduces ER stress caused by the overload of protein folding. The ER-resident protein kinase IRE1α is a key sensor of ER stress. We previously found that GLP-1 could stimulate the phosphorylation of IRE1α in pancreatic β cells. To investigate the role of IRE1α in GLP1-dependent regulation of β-cell functions, we aim to generate β-cell-specific Ire1α knockout mice and examine the metabolic importance of IRE1α signaling in glucose homeostasis. Using the INS-1 β-cell line, we also attempt to explore the XBP1-dependent and -independent mechainism of IRE1α action in GLP1-mediated regulation of β-cell functions. This study will provide new insight into the link of ER stress to β-cell dysfunction and type 2 diabetes.
胰岛β细胞的功能调节及其衰损在2型糖尿病的发生发展中具有举足轻重的作用。大量研究表明,细胞内质网应激与β细胞的功能紊乱及其凋亡密切相关。内质网蛋白激酶IRE1α是内质网应激的关键感受器和效应分子,在胰岛β细胞中能应答于葡萄糖的刺激,并参与调控胰岛素的生物合成。我们前期的研究发现,胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP1)可以刺激胰岛β细胞中的IRE1α发生磷酸化,提示IRE1α信号通路在GLP1调节β细胞内分泌功能方面可能发挥重要的生理学功能。本项目拟利用胰岛β细胞系和β细胞特异性敲除IRE1α的小鼠模型,探索IRE1α在GLP-1促进胰岛β细胞的功能特性上所行使的调节作用,并解析IRE1α依赖于或不依赖于XBP1的下游信号机制。此项研究旨在深入了解内质网应激信号通路如何影响胰岛β细胞的功能,进而为阐明糖代谢平衡紊乱的病理学基础提供新的视角。
当内质网难以承担错误折叠蛋白的负荷时则引发内质网应激,激活未折叠蛋白响应信号通路,以此增强内质网的蛋白加工处理能力。在哺乳动物中,内质网跨膜蛋白IRE1α(Inositol Requiring Enzyme 1α)作为内质网应激感应分子,具备蛋白激酶与RNA内切酶活性,通过调节转录因子XBP1的活性而介导一条关键的UPR信号通路。内质网应激是连接肥胖、胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病的重要病理机制之一。为了深入探讨IRE1α信号通路的在胰岛β细胞中的功能及其调控机制,我们利用胰岛β细胞特异敲除IRE1α小鼠为研究工具,发现同野生型小鼠相比,IRE1α敲除小鼠的空腹血糖升高,血液中胰岛素含量降低,并伴有葡萄糖不耐受的现象;而在高脂饮食喂养引发肥胖与胰岛素抵抗的情况下,胰岛β细胞中IRE1α-XBP1信号通路被激活,而IRE1α缺失则导致胰岛β细胞的代偿性增殖显著减弱,从而加剧了机体的血糖紊乱。我们的研究揭示了IRE1α在胰岛β细胞中发挥双重作用,一方面调节胰岛β细胞的胰岛素合成,另一方面在营养过剩诱发的胰岛代偿性增殖中扮演重要角色,为深入了解内质网应激与糖代谢紊乱的机制关联提供了新的线索。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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