连续发射模式下电磁轨道炮力学性能退化机制研究

In the continuous launch mode, the influence of rail gun heat accumulation effect on the launch performance is the key problem that needs to be solved urgently for its application to weapons and equipment. At present, it has been proved that the heat loss generated by the railgun under continuous launch mode will cause sharp changes in armature and rail temperatures, but there is still no effective test method for rail gun heat loss, and the mechanism of mechanical property degradation caused by temperature changes is still unclear. Therefore, on the basis of the applicant's previous heat loss test and rail gun's multi-field coupling calculation work, this project will establish a railgun heat loss test platform and an electromagnetic-thermal coupling calculation model to quantitatively describe the temporal and spatial evolution of temperature distribution in railgun. On this basis, the influence of temperature change on the mechanical and electrical properties of the material is introduced, and the rail gun electromagnetic - thermal - force coupling calculation model under continuous launch mode is established. The stress and strain states of the projectile and the dynamic response of the launcher are studied, and compared with the test results, the theoretical prediction model of the mechanical properties of the projectile and the critical velocity degradation of the launcher is obtained. The purpose of this project is to provide new ideas for revealing the degradation mechanism of mechanical properties of rail gun under continuous emission mode, and to provide theoretical basis for structural optimization design of rail gun.

连续发射模式下，电磁轨道炮热累积效应对发射性能的影响是其走向武器装备应用急需解决的关键问题。目前已经证明电磁轨道炮在连续发射模式下产生的热损耗会引起电枢和轨道温度的急剧变化，但电磁轨道炮热损耗还缺乏有效的测试方法，由于温度变化引起的力学性能退化机制尚不明确。因此，本课题将在申请人前期热损耗实验测试和电磁轨道炮多场耦合计算工作的基础上，建立电磁轨道炮热损耗实验测试平台和电磁-热全耦合计算模型，定量描述电磁轨道炮温度时空分布规律。在此基础上，引入温度变化对材料力、电性能的影响，建立连续发射模式下电磁轨道炮电磁-热-力耦合计算模型。研究一体化发射组件整体的应力、应变状态和发射装置的动力学响应，并与实验测试结果进行比较，得到一体化发射组件力学性能和发射装置临界速度退化理论预测模型。本项目旨在为揭示连续发射模式下电磁轨道炮力学性能退化机制提供新的思路，为电磁轨道炮结构优化设计提供理论依据。

连续发射模式下，电磁轨道炮热累积效应对发射性能的影响是其走向武器装备应用急需解决的关键问题。本项目以电磁发射非均匀热分布引起热应力对发射性能的影响为基础，开展电枢和发射装置发射性能变化规律研究，建立高性能电枢和发射装置结构优化设计方案。具体研究内容包括：完成电磁发射轨道温度时空分布测试系统研制，定量测试电磁发射后轨道温度时空分布变化规律，为热损耗测试方法建立奠定基础；创新性提出瞬态热量测试原理，并由此建立了电磁轨道炮热损耗实验测试方法，可满足单次或连续发射模式下电磁轨道炮热损耗测试；考虑初始过盈装配和非均匀热分布产生的热应力对发射性能的影响，建立了电磁轨道发射装置多物理场耦合模型；提出了一种两端过盈的电枢结构设计方案，并将其应用在旋转电枢结构优化设计中；明晰了电磁轨道发射装置后坐力分布规律，可为低后坐力电磁发射装置研制提供参考；建立了复合身管结构优化设计方案，开展连续、重复动态发射实验，得到了连续、重复发射对发射装置的影响，进一步拓展建立了电磁驱动弹丸旋转型圆膛电磁轨道发射装置结构优化设计方案。本项目相关研究成果可为电磁轨道发射装置研制提供新的思路和参考，也可为电磁发射技术在其它领域的拓展应用提供理论支撑。