中国盲蛛分类及DNA条形码

The omnivorous feeding harvestmen are widely distributed, as well as one of the most common arachnids. The order Opiliones includes 6539 species, making it the third-largest arachnid order after Acari and Araneae. Compared with Acari and Araneae, zoologists are very poor in the study of harvestmen and hardly know them. Harvestmen have remained largely ignored by the human. The taxonomy of Opiliones in China is rather late and weak, and so we know very little. The species of Opiliones in China made up 1.8% of known species in the world. Presently, most taxonomists mainly based on reproductive organs to identify the species of Opiliones, also with other external morphological characteristics. Owing to the lack of the study of reproductive organs, there are many diffculties in taxonomy of Opiliones, such as incorrectly identification and synonyms. This program is designed to study taxonomy and DNA barcodes of Chinese Opiliones based on the specimens. It will reveal and elaborate the species resources of Chinese Opiliones, systematics characteristics, classification status, geographical distribution and DNA barcode using the method of comparatice morhpology, modern biological evolution classification and molecular biology technology. The aims of this program are to make a revision on the taxonomy of Opiliones, to clarify the Opiliones diversity of China, and analyse the phylogenetic development relationship in the genus level of Opiliones. The final result is to establish a database of DNA barcode and some basal data for a further study and utilization of Chinese Opiliones.

盲蛛食性杂、分布广，是比较常见的一类蛛形动物。目前全世界已知6539种，其物种多样性在蛛形纲中仅次于蜱螨目和蜘蛛目，位居第三。相对于蜱螨和蜘蛛而言，动物学家对盲蛛知之甚少。盲蛛已成为人类最为忽略的一类蛛形动物。我国对盲蛛的分类研究更是起步晚，基础薄弱，物种本底严重不清，已知种数仅占世界已知种数的1.8%。目前学术界对该类物种鉴定主要依据生殖器官，并辅以其他外部形态特征；由于以往的分类研究缺乏对生殖器官的揭示和应用，造成了疑难种类较多、同物异名现象严重和分类鉴定困难。本课题以我国盲蛛为研究对象，在对检视标本进行经典分类的基础上，应用比较形态学手段、现代生物进化分类的方法和分子生物学技术，对我国盲蛛的物种资源、分类学特征、分类地位、地理分布及DNA条形码等进行科学的揭示和阐述，以期澄清分类研究中存在的混乱，基本摸清我国该亚目的家底，初步探讨属级阶元的系统发育关系，为进一步开发利用盲蛛奠定基础。

我国对盲蛛的分类研究起步晚，基础薄弱。本项目利用形态学方法和分子生物学技术，对我国盲蛛进行了整理，总结了它们的分类地位和分类系统，对我国4亚目11科55属155种盲蛛进行了较为系统的分类研究。对现有标本进行了详细的鉴定、规范描述和绘图；镜检核对了76种（头）的模式标本；测定了100种盲蛛的COI序列。共发现3新记录科，2新属，6新记录属，26新种，4新记录种，8同物异名。上述研究，基本摸清了我国盲蛛物种多样性的家底，为进一步开发利用盲蛛奠定了基础。