海参养殖稳定塘对海水养殖尾水抗生素抗性基因去除作用研究

The long-term and extensive use of antibiotics in mariculture has made fish farms become the important repositories of ARGs in the environment. Currently, construction of sea cucumber stabilization pond is a commonly used tail water treatment mode in mariculture industry. The residual nutrients will be reused in the stabilization pond, and the conventional pollutants in the tail water will also be reduced. However, rare studies have been made on the removal of ARGs by the sea cucumber stabilization pond. This project intends to make field research and indoor simulation studies, using high-throughout sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR technologies, on the distribution of ARGs in influent, effluent, breeding water, sediment, body surface and in the vivo of sea cucumber collected from a stabilization pond in an intensive aquaculture farm. The microbial community and ARGs carrying in the stabilization pond will be investigated. An indoor sea cucumber aquaculture system will be built to study the abundance of typical ARGs in the breeding water, feces residue, the body surface and in the vivo of sea cucumber. In this way, the removal effect of sea cucumber stabilization pond made on ARGs will be uncovered, and the ecological safety of the sea cucumber breeding in the stabilization pond will be assessed. This study will provide a certain theoretical basis and technical support for the removal of ARGs from the aquaculture tail water.

抗生素在海水养殖业中的长期大量使用，使得海水养殖场成为环境中抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的重要储存库。构建海参养殖稳定塘是目前海水养殖业常用的尾水处理模式之一，可有效利用剩余营养物质并去除养殖尾水中常规污染物，但鲜见海参养殖稳定塘对新型污染物ARGs去除的研究。本项目拟采用现场调查与室内模拟相结合的方法，对海参养殖稳定塘中ARGs的分布规律进行研究，利用高通量测序技术对工厂化海水养殖场海参养殖稳定塘进水、出水、塘中养殖水、底泥、海参体表及体内的ARGs分布进行研究，考察稳定塘中微生物群落结构及对ARGs的携带情况；构建室内海参养殖系统，采用实时荧光定量PCR技术研究模拟系统中水样、粪便残渣、海参体表及体内典型ARGs的丰度分布情况。最终揭示海参养殖稳定塘对养殖尾水中ARGs的去除效果，并确定所养海参的生态安全性。开展本研究将为养殖尾水中ARGs的去除提供一定的理论依据和技术支持。

养殖尾水是近岸海域抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的主要来源，通过构建海参养殖稳定塘来处理养殖尾水，是目前常用的养殖尾水处理模式。本项目采用现场调查与室内模拟相结合的方法，利用高通量测序技术、实时荧光定量PCR技术对海参养殖稳定塘及其室内模拟系统中ARGs的污染特征、分布规律和削减情况进行了研究。通过开展本研究，发现海参养殖稳定塘对海水养殖尾水中ARGs有显著的去除作用，去除率达到84.63%；在室内海参养殖模拟系统中，养殖海参一年后养殖水体中的ARGs丰度较初始有显著降低，ARGs去除率达到了77.61%；削减掉的ARGs主要沉积于稳定塘底泥中，海参中的ARGs主要赋存于海参肠道物中，进而沉积到底泥中，因此ARGs附着并不影响海参的生态安全性。该研究为去除海水养殖尾水中ARGs提供了理论依据和技术支持。