土壤重金属溶出伏安快速检测干扰机理研究

The pollution of heavy metals in soil seriously affects the quality of agricultural products and the health of human being. Stripping voltammetry can be used for the rapid detection of heavy metals. However, the constituent of soil are very complex, and the interference mechanism of stripping voltammetry rapid detection of heavy metals in soil is not clear. These factors will influence the application and development of stripping voltammetry for the rapid detection of heavy metals in soil. In this project, the research is focused on the cadmium and lead in soil, and the interference mechanism of stripping voltammetry rapid detection of heavy metals in soil will be explored. We will analysis the interference factors that influence the electro-deposition and stripping of cadmium ions and lead ions on the surface of electrodes in extraction of soil, study the influence rule of the interference factors that reacted on the stripping voltammetric spectrum, and explore the response mechanism that interference factors and cadmium and lead ions attached on the nano-sensitive coating of electrodes. Meanwhile, the new methods for preparing of controllable nano-sensitive coating for electrode will be proposed, and therefore an improved ability of anti-interference and recognition target of ions for the electrode will achieve, the high accuracy sensor (electrode) for rapid detection of heavy metals in soil will be developed. This research will lay a foundation for promoting the development of the stripping voltammetry rapid detection Techniques of heavy metals in soil.

土壤重金属污染严重影响农产品质量，危害人体健康。溶出伏安法可用于重金属快速检测，但土壤成分较为复杂，土壤重金属溶出伏安快速检测干扰机理不明晰，制约了溶出伏安法在土壤重金属快速检测中的应用研究和发展。本课题拟以土壤中的镉和铅为研究对象，研究土壤重金属溶出伏安快速检测干扰机理。明确土壤浸提液中影响镉和铅离子在电极表面电沉积和溶出的主要干扰因子，揭示干扰因子对溶出伏安图谱信号的影响规律，阐明干扰因子以及镉和铅离子在纳米敏感涂层表面的溶出伏安响应机理，提出电极表面纳米敏感涂层可控制备新方法，提高电极的抗干扰能力和靶向识别能力，开发用于土壤重金属快速检测的高精度传感器（电极）。上述研究成果可为加快土壤重金属溶出伏安快速检测技术发展奠定理论基础。

土壤重金属污染严重影响农产品质量，危害人体健康。溶出伏安法可用于重金属快速检测，但土壤中的复杂成分对重金属溶出伏安检测存在潜在干扰。同时，土壤重金属溶出伏安快速检测干扰机理暂不明晰，其制约了土壤重金属溶出伏安快速检测技术及其应用的进一步发展。本课题以土壤中的镉和铅为研究对象，研究了土壤中非目标重金属对目标重金属离子溶出伏安快速检测的干扰机理。明确土壤浸提液中影响镉离子和铅离子在电极表面电沉积和溶出的主要干扰因子，揭示非目标重金属离子对目标重金属离子溶出伏安图谱信号的影响规律；研究发现，腐殖质能够影响电极表面的理化性质，且易与重金属离子络合，进而影响重金属离子的电沉积过程，降低了土壤重金属溶出伏安检测精度；阐明干扰因子以及镉离子和铅离子在纳米敏感涂层表面的溶出伏安响应机理，提出电极表面纳米敏感涂层可控制备新方法，提高电极的抗干扰能力和靶向识别能力。开发用于土壤镉、铅、砷快速检测的高精度传感器（电极），检测限分别达到0.03 μg/L、0.05 μg/L和0.22 μg/L。上述研究成果可为加快土壤重金属溶出伏安快速检测技术及其应用的发展奠定理论基础。