兴安落叶松林飞火形成机制研究

This study focuses on the Larix gmelinii forest, which is the representative zonal vegetation in the coniferous forest fire danger division of northeastern China. By using multiple methods such as fieldwork, laboratory experiment, and computer simulation, more than 90 wildfires and 1000 laboratory experiment fires data, and forest fire environmental data such as terrain, atmosphere and forest fuel would be analyzed to discuss the forming mechanism of spotting fire in the Larix gmelinii forest under different forest fire environment. Through small-scale simulation experiment, the process of the spotting fire occurrence and development would be illustrated and the threshold value of fire environment and fire behavior would be quantified. Base on this, the spotting fire spread model would be built to discuss the relationship between wind speed and spread range of spotting particles, the combustion states and consumption rules of spotting particles would be revealed, the ignition probability and ignition time would be found out through the initial ignition probability model. The achievements obtained would provide the scientific evidence for safety in forest fire fighting and improve the prediction accuracy of spotting fire in the study region.

项目以我国寒温带针叶林重点火险区地带性植被兴安落叶松林为研究对象，综合运用野外调查、室内点烧实验和计算机模拟等方法，对拟收集的90余次野外真实火场数据、1000余次室内点烧数据及相关的地形、气象、可燃物等火环境数据进行分析，探讨不同火环境下兴安落叶松飞火形成机理。项目通过在小尺度上的模拟实验阐明飞火的发生、发展过程，量化飞火产生的火环境及火行为参数阈值；在此基础上，研建飞火空间传播模型，预测飞火颗粒波及范围与风速的关系，揭示飞火颗粒在飞行过程中的燃烧状态与消耗量的变化规律；明确飞火颗粒的引燃概率与引燃时间，并建立初步的飞火引燃概率模型。本项目成果将为该区安全扑火提供重要的科学依据，并从整体上提高该区飞火预测的准确性。

飞火是具有一定随机性的特殊林火行为，在森林火灾的蔓延与传播中起重要作用，且在破坏森林生态系统的同时对扑火人员的生命安全造成威胁。项目以我国寒温带针叶林重点火险区地带性植被兴安落叶松林为研究对象，综合运用野外调查、室内点烧实验和计算机模拟等方法，对收集的90余次野外真实火场数据，1000余次室内点烧数据及相关的地形、气象、可燃物等火环境数据进行分析，研究了飞火空中传播模型，预测了飞火颗粒波及范围与飞速的关系，揭示了飞火颗粒在飞行过程中的燃烧状态与消耗量的变化规律，明确了飞火颗粒的引燃概率，并建立初步的飞火引燃概率模型，以期为飞火防控、组织灭火及理论研究提供参考。