压电智能型声学超材料的隔声降噪机理与宽带设计方法研究

With the development of large-scale, heavy-load, high-speed mechanical equipment, the problem of low frequency noise is becoming more and more serious. However, due to the well-known mass law, light-weight low-frequency sound insulation is always a conventional challenge for the traditional sound insulation technology. New theoretical, technological and methodological breakthroughs for sound insulation are urgently needed. Based on the smart piezoelectric acoustic metamaterials, which is the frontier of scientific research, the fundamental theories and key technologies of sound insulation will be developed as well as the new mechanisms and design methods of smart piezoelectric acoustic metamaterials will be investigated. By using the effective media theory and finite element theory, the methods for calculating the sound insulation performance will be proposed, which will establish theoretical foundation for the manipulations and broadening methods research. Then, through developing the analytical relationship between sound insulation performance and effective physical properties as well as analyzing the acoustic wave fields and dispersion relations, the sound insulation formation mechanisms and rules will be comprehensively revealed. Finally, the manipulation theories and approaches for sound insulation characteristics of smart piezoelectric acoustic metamaterials will be proposed based on the innovative broadening methods, where breakthroughs in key technologies would be made in light-weight broad-band low-frequency sound insulation. Depending on our proposed fundamental theories, the application of smart piezoelectric acoustic metamaterials will be explored. The work of this project will provide a strong technical support for light-weight broad-band low-frequency sound insulation.

随着机械装备向大型化、重载化、高速化发展，引发的低频噪声问题日益突出。然而，传统隔声技术受制于质量定律，使得轻质低频隔声成为难题，迫切需要在隔声新理论、新技术和新方法等方面取得突破。本项目基于科学研究前沿的压电智能型声学超材料，开展隔声基本理论和关键技术的基础研究，探索压电智能型声学超材料的隔声新机理和新设计方法。利用等效介质理论和有限元理论，提出压电智能型声学超材料的隔声特性计算方法，为调控规律分析及宽带优化设计奠定理论基础；通过建立隔声性能与等效物理参数的解析关系，开展波场分析和色散曲线分析，全面剖析压电智能型声学超材料的隔声机理及规律；创新压电智能型声学超材料宽带设计方法，提出隔声特性的调控理论和手段，在轻质、宽带、低频隔声等方面形成关键性技术突破；基于相关的基础理论研究，实现压电智能型声学超材料的隔声降噪工程应用，为轻质低频宽带隔声提供有力的技术支撑。

随着机械装备向大型化、重载化、高速化发展，引发的低频噪声问题日益突出。然而，传统隔声技术受制于质量定律，使得轻质低频隔声成为难题，迫切需要在隔声新理论、新技术和新方法等方面取得突破。本项目基于科学研究前沿的压电智能型声学超材料，开展隔声基本理论和关键技术的基础研究，探索压电智能型声学超材料的隔声新机理和新设计方法。. 本项目围绕压电智能型声学超材料的隔声特性计算方法、形成机理、调控规律、宽带设计方法等方面开展了系统深入研究，取得的重要成果及其科学意义包括：(a)系统建立了压电智能型声学超材料的数理模型及隔声特性计算方法，为调控规律分析及宽带优化设计奠定理论基础。包括基于等效介质理论的解析方法、基于有限元理论的数值方法、同时运用等效介质理论和有限元理论的半解析方法。 (b)深入研究了压电智能型声学超材料的隔声机理。通过建立隔声性能与等效物理参数的解析关系，开展波场分析和色散曲线分析，揭示了压电智能型声学超材料隔声特性的物理机理。(c)全面剖析了隔声特性的调控规律，包括结构参数、电路参数和声场参数对隔声峰频率和宽度的影响规律等，为压电智能型声学超材料的设计提供了依据和参考。(d) 系统研究了压电智能型声学超材料隔声特性的宽带设计方法。针对工程中存在的宽频带、多频带噪声问题，提出了三种压电智能型声学超材料的隔声特性展宽方法，促进了压电智能型声学超材料在装备隔声降噪工程中的应用前景。(e)通过实验，验证了压电智能型声学超材料在理论设计的目标频率范围内，获得了比传统的质量定律更好的隔声效果。. 总之，本项目研究为压电智能型声学超材料的隔声降噪应用提供了重要的理论指导和技术支撑。