海洋动物发声的生物声纳特性和物理机制研究

Many marine animals can produce sound to achieve underwater information communication and realize the biosonar function. Physical mechanism and experimental studies of sound production are important interdisciplinary topics in the fields of bioacoustics, marine biology, bionics, biomedical engineering, and informatics. This proposal firstly establishes the nonlinear models including "sound muscle - swimming bladder" from fishes and "acoustic lip - melon" from dolphins to investigate the physical mechanism of the biosonar source parameters. Furthermore, quantitative acoustic characteristics of large yellow croaker and bottlenose dolphins are investigated to reveal the regulatory role of the sound production system on the sound signals. Finally, the biosonar equation is established. Based on the principle of dolphin sound beam, the bionics based acoustic impedance transformer is designed to achieve sound focusing and impedance matching. The purpose of this proposal is to reveal the typical marine animal biosonar characteristic and its physical mechanism, and to provide new idea for the existing theoretical and experimental studies. The results has important scientific significance and potential value for the use of acoustic technology to explore marine biological resources, biosonar technology, underwater acoustic transducer design, and underwater acoustic signal processing.

许多海洋动物能够利用发声行为在水下实现信息交流，完成生物声纳功能。其物理机理和实验研究是生物声学、海洋生物学、仿生学、生物医学和信息学等多学科交叉的重要课题。本课题首先建立典型鱼类"声肌-鱼鳔"和海豚"声唇-额隆"非线性发声模型，探讨生物声纳中声源参数的物理机理。其次，定量研究大黄鱼和瓶鼻海豚声信号特征, 揭示发声系统对声信号的调控作用。此外，建立海洋动物的生物声纳方程，根据海豚发声的波束形成原理，设计基于仿生学的水声换能器匹配器来实现声会聚和阻抗匹配功能。本课题旨在阐明典型海洋动物发声的生物声纳特性和物理机制，为现有的海洋动物声产生理论和实验研究提供新思路，其结果对于利用声学技术进行海洋生物资源开发、生物声纳技术、水声换能器设计、水声信号处理等方面有重要科学意义与潜在应用价值。

许多海洋动物能够利用发声行为在水下实现信息交流，完成生物声纳功能。其物理机理和实验研究 是生物声学、海洋生物学、仿生学、生物医学和信息学等多学科交叉的重要课题。本课题首先建立典 型鱼类"声肌-鱼鳔"和海豚"声唇-额隆"非线性发声模型，探讨生物声纳中声源参数的物理机理。其 次，定量研究大黄鱼和瓶鼻海豚声信号特征, 揭示发声系统对声信号的调控作用。此外，建立海洋动 物的生物声纳方程，根据海豚发声的波束形成原理，设计基于仿生学的水声换能器匹配器来实现声会 聚和阻抗匹配功能。本课题旨在阐明典型海洋动物发声的生物声纳特性和物理机制，为现有的海洋动 物声产生理论和实验研究提供新思路，其结果对于利用声学技术进行海洋生物资源开发、生物声纳技 术、水声换能器设计、水声信号处理等方面有重要科学意义与潜在应用价值。