图案化聚电解质刷诱导纳米颗粒的有序组装及性能研究

The orderly self-assembly of nanoparticles (NPs) is one of the effective ways of access to advanced functional materials. This research project is proposed to fabricate patterned stimulus responsive polyelectrolyte brushes by the combination of lithographic technologies and controlled polymerization approaches,and to prepare order NPs self-assemble with a controlled particle cluster number and shape using the polyelectrolyte brushes as the template to direct the self-assembly of NPs with a opposite charge. The mechanism of the directed NPs self-assembly affected by polyelectrolyte brushes size, chemical composition, chain length, grafting density, and NPs type, size, functionalities with self-assembled environment will be investigated. Under the triger by external stimuli, polyelectrolyte brushes will be used to manipulate the motion of order NPs self-assemble due to their response with a change in thickness. The law of polyelectrolyte/NPs self-assemble system's spectroscopic properties affected by NPs cluster size, number, shape and the distance between NPs cluster with substrate adjusted by the stimulus responsive polyelectrolyte brushes will be studied. Their applications will be explored as functional materials and devices in the field of chemical sensing. It is significantly important to solve all these problems which contributes to understanding the mechanism of order NPs self-assembly, manipulating the NPs self-assemble by polyelectrolyte brushes and developping the new application fields.

纳米颗粒的有序自组装是获得先进功能材料的有效途径之一。本项目拟通过结合微、纳米蚀刻技术与可控聚合技术织构图案化刺激响应型聚电解质刷，以此为模板，诱导带有相反电荷的纳米颗粒在其表面的自组装，制备具有一定数目和形状的有序纳米颗粒自组装体。研究聚电解质刷尺寸、形状、化学组成、链长、接枝密度与纳米颗粒类型、尺寸、功能化以及自组装环境等对纳米颗粒自组装的影响规律；通过施加外部刺激，聚电解质刷可产生响应，导致其厚度的改变，从而用来操控所得有序纳米颗粒自组装体的运动；研究纳米颗粒自组装体的尺寸、数目、结构及其通过聚电解质刷的刺激响应所调节的与基底的距离等影响自组装体系光谱学性能的规律，进而探索聚电解质刷/纳米颗粒自组装体系在化学传感领域的应用。这些问题的解决，有助于了解纳米颗粒的有序组装机制、采用聚电解质刷操控纳米颗粒自组装体及其智能化，并开拓新的应用领域具有重要意义。

纳米颗粒的有序自组装是获得先进功能材料的有效途径之一。本项目通过结合微、纳米蚀刻技术与可控聚合技术的结合制备图案化刺激响应型聚电解质刷，以此为模板，研究纳米颗粒的自组装，进而探索杂化材料体系在化学传感领域中的应用。在研究过程中，我们设计并制备了系列聚电解质刷、纳米颗粒的可控合成与制备及其表面功能化，通过外部环境（温度、光等）的刺激研究纳米颗粒的自组装以及聚合物刷对纳米颗粒自组装的影响与调控，实现了杂化体系在传感检测领域的应用；采用氧化石墨烯或者其与碳纳米管的复合体系作为微接触印刷过程的墨水，使得功能性纳米材料可直接作为自组装光活性层在羟基化表面通过超分子作用进行构筑，进而通过紫外光自引发聚合技术实现表面高分子刷的织构；金纳米颗粒表面高分子刷的织构使得可通过外部环境的变化调控纳米颗粒聚聚形态中金纳米颗粒距离，使得智能开关型的纳米光学器件（如智能可调的表面增强拉曼基材）成为可能，并可被用于环境和食品安全中的小分子有害物质的检测。