非正交轴系激光“经纬仪”视觉引导组合测量原理与技术

In the precision manufacture, assembly and adjustment process of large scale objects in major equipment, there are many deficiencies and application limitations for traditional measurement methods. On the basis of preliminary researches, novel solutions which cover the basic measurement platform architecture and principles and key technologies of the measurement system are proposed in the project. ① To reduce the difficulty of design and manufacture, decrease the costs of manufacture and maintenance of instrument, and enhance its field applicability, a novel laser "theodolite" with non-orthogonal axes architecture is proposed and the measurement principle is studied in detail. In the novel laser "theodolite", there are also three axes as the traditional theodolite, but they are non-orthogonal. Meanwhile, the traditional telescope is replaced by the collimated, automatic focusing and self-adaptive intensity adjustment laser. ② Combined with the visual tracking guidance technology, many key techniques of the measurement system are studied further, such as the measurement model establishment based on the variable length photoelectric reference bar, accurate intersection discrimination and implementation of laser "theodolite" based on the double scanning mechanism, and automatic calibration and compensation of the laser "theodolite" structure parameters. The project will provide novel methods and effective techniques for the field, automatic, fast and accurate measurement of large scale objects in volume space, and promote the wide application and rapid development of the laser and photoelectric measurement techniques.

针对目前大空间、大尺寸对象（重大装备）精密制造、装调过程中，现有测量手段与方法存在的不足和应用局限性，在前期相关项目研究的基础上，从基础测量平台架构、原理和测量系统关键技术两个层面提出一系列新的解决思路。① 借鉴传统经纬仪三轴结构模式，但突破其三轴正交的结构要求，并用准直激光器替代传统望远镜，提出并研究一种新的非正交轴系激光"经纬仪"架构及其测量原理与方法，以降低仪器设计要求、制造难度及制造和维护成本，并增强现场适用性。② 结合视觉跟踪引导技术，进一步开展基于"可变"长度光电基准的激光"经纬仪"测量系统模型构建及定向、双扫描激光"经纬仪"精确"交会"判别及实现等关键技术研究。本项目将为解决大空间、大尺寸对象现场、自动、快速、高精度测量提供新的理论支持和更为合理、有效的技术手段，并推动激光及光电测量技术的进一步广泛应用和迅速发展。

针对目前大空间、大尺寸对象（重大装备）精密制造、装调过程中，现有测量手段与方法存在的不足和应用局限性，在前期相关项目研究的基础上，开展并完成了非正交轴系坐标测量系统基础平台架构、测量原理和关键技术、样机系统构建和实验验证等三个层面的工作。① 借鉴传统正交轴系经纬仪的三轴结构模式，但突破其三轴正交的结构要求，并用准直激光器替代传统望远镜，研究了一种新的非正交轴系测量单元架构；② 研究了非正交轴系坐标测量原理与方法，完成了基于“可变”长度光电基准的激光“经纬仪”测量系统模型构建及定向、双扫描激光“经纬仪”精确“交会”判别及实现等关键技术研究，基于蒙特卡洛法对测量系统的点位测量不确定度进行了分析与评定；③搭建了非正交轴系激光“经纬仪”视觉引导组合测量系统和非正交轴系激光“全站仪”测量系统，并进行了实验验证。本项目为解决大空间、大尺寸对象现场、自动、快速、高精度测量提供了新的理论支持和更为合理、有效的技术手段，并推动了激光及光电测量技术的进一步广泛应用和迅速发展。