纹状体功能连接在精神分裂症谱系社会认知缺损中的作用及机制研究

Impairments of social cognition has been commonly observed in patients with schizophrenia and closely associated with negative symptoms and social function of these patients. The reward system plays an important role in the social interaction and goal-directed behaviours. Altered cortico-striatal functional connectivity has been observed in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, suggesting the striatal dysconnection may be considered to be a potential biomarker of psychosis. However, there is a huge gap to our understanding of the underlying mechanism of social cognition impairments in schizophrenia spectrum disorders from a reward perspective. Hence, this project is going to examine the role of cortico-striatal functional connectivity in social cognition impairments in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, including first-episode patients, individuals with clinical high-risk, individuals with schizotypy and healthy controls. . There are three aims of the project: (1) to examine the associations between social reward and social cognition in healthy sample, as well as the cortico-striatal functional connectivity during the social reward processing; (2) to examine the altered cortico-striatal functional connectivity during the social reward processing and resting state fMRI in first-episode schizophrenia patients, individuals with clinical high risk and schizotypy, and healthy controls, and its effect to social cognition; (3) to further clarify the associations between cortico-striatal functional connectivity and social cognition, as well as the clinical symptoms through a 12-month follow-up study in individuals with clinical high-risk. . The findings of these studies are expected to have important theoretical and practical implications. These will help us to understand the effect of striatal functional connectivity to social cognition deficits in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. More importantly, these findings contribute to the early detection and intervention of individuals prone for psychosis in the near future.

社会认知缺损普遍存在于精神分裂症患者中，且与患者的社会功能、阴性症状密切相关，对疾病的治疗和预后具有重要影响。社会行为的本质是奖赏加工，已有研究发现精神分裂症患者在奖赏加工中表现出纹状体功能异常，并且提示纹状体的功能连接异常可能是精神疾病风险的生物指标。然而目前仍缺乏从奖赏加工的角度探讨精神分裂症谱系社会认知缺损内在机制的研究。因此，本项目探究纹状体功能连接在精神分裂症谱系社会认知缺损中的作用及机制。.本项目拟（1）在健康人群中考察社会奖赏的内在神经机制及其与社会认知的关系；（2）在首发精神分裂症患者、超高危个体、分裂型特质个体这一谱系中考察静息态和社会奖赏任务下纹状体功能连接，揭示社会认知缺损的神经机制；（3）通过对超高危个体的一年期追踪研究考察纹状体功能连接与社会认知缺损、临床症状之间的关系。本工作有望对精神分裂症社会认知缺损的内在机制提供新思路、发现精神疾病的早期识别指标。

社会认知缺损普遍存在于精神分裂症患者中，且与患者的社会功能、阴性症状密切相关，对疾病的治疗和预后具有重要影响。社会行为的本质是奖赏加工，已有研究发现精神分裂症患者在奖赏加工中表现出纹状体功能异常，并且提示纹状体的功能连接异常可能是精神疾病风险的生物指标。然而目前仍缺乏从奖赏加工的角度探讨精神分裂症谱系社会认知缺损内在机制的研究。因此，本项目旨在探究纹状体功能连接在精神分裂症谱系社会认知缺损中的作用及机制。.主要研究内容包括：在健康人群中采用自评量表考察社会奖赏和非社会奖赏与共情不同成分之间的关系；分别在健康对照组、分裂型特质群体、精神分裂症患者这一谱系中考察社会和非社会奖赏预期与共情不同成分之间的关系，揭示精神分裂症及其风险群体社会认知缺损的心理机制；考察社会和非社会奖赏任务下纹状体活动、皮层-纹状体静息态功能连接与共情不同成分之间的关系，揭示精神分裂症及其风险群体社会认知缺损的神经机制。.结果发现：社会快感缺失与非社会快感缺失和共情不同成分之间的关系表现出不同的模式，社会快感缺失与情感共情相关而躯体快感缺失与认知共情显著相关；使用社会奖励延迟（SID）和金钱奖励延迟（MID）任务考察社会和非社会奖赏预期的行为研究也发现社会奖赏预期与情感共情相关而金钱奖赏预期与认知共情的关系更为密切。任务态功能脑成像研究进一步发现SID任务下腹侧纹状体、前脑岛的活动与情感共情、亲社会动机正相关；并且精神分裂症患者在MID和SID任务下表现出相关脑区激活减弱。静息态功能脑成像研究则发现腹侧和背侧纹状体的功能连接既表现出与共情两成分之间特异的相关，也存在共同的神经基础。.总之，本项目以奖赏加工及纹状体功能为切入点试图揭示精神分裂症及其风险群体的共情缺损，所取得的研究成果有助于对精神分裂症社会认知缺损的深入理解，为精神分裂症社会认知缺损的内在机制提供新思路，也为精神分裂症风险人群的早期识别和干预提供理论依据。