华南海岸典型砾石滩沉积物磨蚀与运移的动力机制

Gravel beach has more advantageous function on absorbing the energy from waves to protect the coastal area, compared with measures such as groyne, sand beach nourishment, etc. in the respect that gravel beach has been applied widely for reducing the coastal erosion. However, it is still not clear on the abrasion loss of gravel beaches and the mechanism of abrasion and littoral transport on the gravel beaches. These unanswered questions influence the function of the gravel beach. Based on the previous research foundation and production, this project uses the newest theoretical frame of “abrasion zone” to study the dynamic mechanism of abrasion loss and littoral transport on the natural and artificial gravel beaches at South China. The study employs the “wave-energy abrasion model” based on the abrasion basket method, traditional tumbler experiment, beach profile surveying and popular Radio Frequency Identification technology. This project aims to explore whether “abrasion zone” exists on the gravel beach of South China, and study the sediment loss, the factors controlling the sediment loss, with a purpose of revealing the dynamic mechanism of loss due to abrasion and littoral transport during storm period. Furthermore, the project attempts to investigate the process of sediment accumulation during storm as well as sediment recovery after storm. This project will make the contribution in protecting the precious natural gravel beach, and constructing the artificial gravel beach so as to reduce the serious erosion of sandy beach at the length of 2500km in China.

砾石滩相比海堤、填沙养滩等更具有“吸能护岸”功能，已被广泛应用到了抗击海岸侵蚀的防护中。然而，由于对砾石滩磨蚀损耗程度和磨蚀运移双重损耗模式不清楚，影响砾石滩功能发挥。本项目基于已有研究基础和成果，在新研发的“磨蚀带”理论框架下，以新式的磨蚀箱法为实验基础，结合传统滚筒法、剖面法和先进无线射频识别技术，利用所研发的“波能磨蚀模型”对我国华南地区自然和人工两处典型砾石滩开展磨蚀与运移双重损耗的动力机制比对研究。查明我国砾石滩是否存在显著“磨蚀带”、损耗程度及损耗主导因素，揭示台风期间磨蚀和运移的风暴动力损耗模式，以及砾石滩风暴堆积和过后恢复的动力沉积过程。项目成果为保护我国珍贵自然砾石滩和利用人工砾石滩减缓我国沿海长达2500km受侵蚀的砂质海滩的保护工作做出一定的贡献。