基于生态服务功能的煤粮复合区耕地变化效应及其调控研究

Studies have shown that the overlapped areas between farmland and coal resource distribution are over 40% of total farmland in China, and the farmland area has changed dramatically under the drive of coal mining. Traditional research method cannot describe the ecological effects of regional farmland dynamic change and describe its spatial heterogeneity in overlapped area. The study goal is to quantitatively evaluate the losses of ecological service value such as product supplying with farmland dynamic change by coal mining. The theory of ecosystem service evaluation and time serials analysis method of remote sensing will be used integratedly based on inter-annual Landsat TM/ETM and CBERS image data. Taking Jining city as an example, the trajectory characteristics of farmland dynamic change of overlapped area from 1984 to 2013 will be analyzed based on pixel scale. Then index system of ecosystem service evaluation of the overlapped area and dynamic evaluation model of ecological function based on the pixel scale will be constructed. Taking the pixel of unexploited farmland as the reference, we will quantitatively evaluate the losses of ecological service value by pixel’ trajectory types: coal mining disturbed area without reclamation, reclamation and restored into original land use type, restored into open water, restored into construction land, and restored into other land use type. Through the simulation of different mining - reclamation scenario, we will compare differences on the dynamic loss and present supply ability of land ecological service function in overlapped area, and put forward the policy recommendations to coordinate cultivated land use, coal exploitation and ecological protection. The study result will establish and improve ecological effect evaluation method under the strong disturbance of human activities of the land use change, and meanwhile provide the technique supports for similar regional resource development and land use decision.

我国煤炭与耕地资源复合分布区域面积广，在采煤趋动下耕地演变剧烈。针对现有研究难以全面描述耕地变化过程中生态服务价值损失及其空间异质性等问题，拟集成应用生态服务价值评估理论和遥感时序分析方法进行研究。采用Landsat TM/ETM和中巴资源卫星数据等，分析1984-2013年间济宁市典型煤粮复合区耕地动态变化过程；建立复合区土地生态服务功能评价指标体系和基于像元的生态服务功能动态评价模型；定量评价受采煤扰动且未复垦、复垦至耕地、复垦至水域、复垦至建设用地和其它用地等变化轨迹类型区的生态服务价值变化及其一般特征；通过模拟不同开采-复垦情景，比较复合区土地生态服务价值动态损失及生态服务供给能力现状差异。在此基础上，提出协调耕地保护、煤炭开发和生态保护的政策建议。课题研究有助于改进人类活动强扰动下土地利用变化生态效应评估方法，同时可为类似区域资源开发与土地利用决策等提供理论支持。

研究表明，我国煤炭保有资源与耕地复合区域（煤粮复合区）面积占全国耕地总面积的10.8%，煤炭开采过程中不可避免地损毁了大量耕地，东部平原区采煤沉陷地多为基本农田，耕地演变剧烈。针对现有研究难以全面描述耕地变化过程和其生态服务价值损失及其空间异质性等问题，项目集成应用了遥感时序分析方法和生态服务价值评估理论对耕地变化过程及其生态效应进行了研究。主要内容和成果：①将最佳斜率提取算法（BISE）和小波变换（WT）结合，提出了一种时序NDVI等数据的滤波方法，与现有方法相比，适用于年际数据的扰动监测且数据保真性高；②采用Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI影像数据等，分析了30年间典型煤粮复合区耕地动态变化过程，依据像元时序变化轨迹分为持续水体、持续建设用地、持续耕地、耕地变水域、耕地变为建设用地、耕地变裸地等不同扰动类型，尤其是水体的扰动时间和变化类型，并提出了开采扰动边界界定方法；③以像元作为基本评价单元，建立了复合区土地生态服务功能评价指标体系和基于遥感生态表征指数的生态服务价值动态评估模型；④摸拟比较了不同开采-复垦情景下研究区生态服务价值，并相应提出了协调耕地保护、煤炭开发和生态保护的政策建议。. 项目目前发表论文8篇（第一标注7篇，SCI及EI期刊论文5篇），获省部级科技奖励1项（排名第7），申请发明专利2项，培养研究生5名，参加学术会议16人次（学术报告6次）。研究提出了一种时序滤波方法、矿区LUCC时序轨迹的分析方法并改进了矿区生态服务价值动态评估方法，揭示了煤粮复合区土地生态服务供给能力变化及其空间分布特征，研究成果有助于改进人类活动强扰动下土地利用变化监测和生态效应评估方法，同时可为类似区域矿产资源开发与土地利用决策提供理论支持。