药物缓释超疏水多功能型人工晶状体材料研究及其生物相容性评价

Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in China. Currently, surgery of phacoemulsification followed with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is the main clinical treatment for cataract. However, there are some complications occurring after the IOL implantation, which may cause severe damage to the visual function. For example, the bacterial adhesion or the surgical damage causing inflammation; the adhesion of the residual lens epithelial cell causing the postoperative capsule opacification (PCO). In order to improve the biocompatibility of the IOL and reduce the postoperative complications after IOL implantation, this proposal intends to design and synthesis novel hydrophobic IOL polymeric materials, with nano-caged polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and anti-inflammatory or anti-proliferative drugs incorporated on the polymer chains. Then the surface modification was carried out to generate a superhydrophobic surface coating on the IOL materials. Such drug-eluting superhydrophobic IOL materials may greatly reduce the adhesion and proliferation of the bacteria and lens epithelial cells after IOL implantation and greatly improves its biocompatibility. The academic significance of this research is not only in biomedical material fields, but also in potential clinical application with reduced inflammation and PCO complications after IOL implantation.

白内障是我国首位致盲眼病，目前主要采用超声乳化联合人工晶状体（IOL）植入术治疗。然而术中细菌感染及术后炎症细胞活化导致的炎症反应、术后晶状体上皮细胞粘附增殖诱发的晶状体囊膜混浊等术后并发症，严重影响术后视觉功能的恢复。为降低IOL植入术后炎症和囊膜混浊等并发症，本项目拟通过新型疏水性IOL聚合物材料的制备和表面功能化，将新型有机-无机复合纳米材料多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷（POSS）及抗炎、抗增殖药物等功能性药物分子引入到人工晶状体的本体材料设计中，并对其进行表面超疏水修饰，获得载药超疏水型人工晶状体，以达到有效抑制细菌、细胞粘附增殖的目的，提高其生物相容性，降低术后并发症的发生。该研究不但在生物医用材料上具有重要的基础学术意义，在人工晶状体植入术后防止出现炎症和术后晶状体囊膜混浊并发症上也有潜在的临床意义。

白内障是全世界也是我国首要重大致盲性疾病，现有主要临床治疗手段是通过白内障超声乳化摘除浑浊的晶状体并植入人工晶状体进（IOL）行治疗。人工晶状体对于术后屈光功能的恢复起着至关重要的作用。然而作为一种外来植入材料，在植入术后出现与组织的不相容性问题，导致各种并发症的发生：如由于术后晶状体囊袋内残留细胞在材料表面的粘附增殖引发的后囊膜浑浊，是其最常见的术后并发症。通过新型材料制备或对现有材料进行表面修饰获得功能涂层改性型人工晶状体，可以调控材料表面细胞的粘附和增殖，提高其生物相容性，有效地防止细胞在人工晶状体表面粘附，或有效清除囊袋内残留的细胞，降低后发性白内障发生率。本项目通过自由基聚合合成新型人工晶状体材料，并通过对现有人工晶状体材料表面抗增殖药物涂层或超疏水涂层修饰，通过体外细胞培养及动物体内/眼内植入评价其生物相容性和抑制后发性白内障发生的效果；得到了能有效抑制后发性白内障发生的功能涂层改性型人工晶状体，为探索制备高生物相容性低并发症的人工晶状体奠定了基础。