木竹材碳基三元复合电极材料三维孔道构筑机制及构效关系研究

The development of hybrid supercapacitors is one of the important methods to meet current demand for electric energy storage and environmental pollution reduction. However, there are some shortages for present carbon-metal oxide/hydroxide-conductive polymer based ternary composite supercapacitor electrode materials. For examples, some carbon materials are prepared with the relatively high cost. The deposition control of some metal oxides/hydroxides and conductive polymers are not ideal. The three-dimensional structure and morphology of some composite materials are unsatisfactory. Therefore, the applicants plan to replace the carbon materials in typical carbon-metal oxide/hydroxide-conductive polymer ternary composites with porous carbon materials derived from wood and bamboo, and investigate the formation mechanisms of three-dimensional hierarchical porous structure and the structure-performance relationships of ternary composite supercapacitor electrode materials. Through the implementation of this research plan, the formation mechanisms of three-dimensional hierarchical porous structure of ternary composites can be obtained. A comprehensive analysis of structure-performance relationships, between the microstructure with macroscopic properties and the capacitance performance of ternary composites, can be achieved. The new fabrication methods of wood and bamboo derived carbon-metal oxide/hydroxide-conductive polymer ternary composite supercapacitor electrode materials, with high-performance and low-cost, can be developed.

发展复合型超级电容器是满足当前电能储存需求、缓解环境污染的重要方法之一。但是，当前碳/金属（氢）氧化物/导电聚合物三元复合型超级电容器电极材料中存在碳基材料制备成本相对较高、金属（氢）氧化物和导电聚合物沉积控制不够理想、复合材料三维形貌结构欠佳等问题，因此申请人提出以木竹材基多孔碳替代典型碳/金属（氢）氧化物/导电聚合物三元复合材料中的碳材料，探索木竹材碳/金属（氢）氧化物/导电聚合物三元复合超级电容器电极材料三维层次孔道构筑机制和构效关系的研究。通过本项目研究，阐明三元复合材料三维层次孔道拓扑结构的构筑机制，揭示三元复合材料微观结构、宏观性质与电容性能之间的构效关系，发展高性能低成本木竹材基碳/金属（氢）氧化物/导电聚合物三元复合超级电容器电极材料制备的新路线。

超级电容器是一类重要的电能存储器件，其电容性能主要取决于电极材料。碳材料和碳基复合材料是目前最具应用潜力的两类超级电容器电极材料。但这两类材料目前存在制作成本高、原材料资源匮乏、不可持续再生等问题。本研究以低成本、易获得、可持续再生的木竹材、银杏叶等生物质材料作为原料制备碳材料，从而降低了复合材料的成本；通过水热元素掺杂方法提升生物质碳的电化学活性和表面亲和力，从而获得了电化学活性优异、易于赝电容材料表面沉积的元素掺杂多孔碳材料；采用元素掺杂碳材料作为基底材料，利用碳材料表面杂原子出色的结合力，通过化学浴、水热反应、低温氧化聚合等方法原位均匀地负载了金属（氢）氧化物和导电聚合物，制备了与同类材料性能相当甚至超越的碳/金属（氢）氧化物和碳/导电聚合物复合材料。因此，以可再生生物质为原料，通过碳化、活化、掺杂方法制备高活性多孔碳材料，再以之作为支撑骨架均匀沉积赝电容材料制备碳基复合材料，是制作高性能低成本碳基复合超级电容器电极材料的可行策略。本研究的结果为复合型超级电容器电极材料的实用化发展和生物质资源的高附加值利用提供了有意义的借鉴。相关研究结果已申请中国发明专利4项，其中2项已授权，在SCI期刊以上发表5篇SCI论文，另有2篇研究论文已投稿至SCI期刊正在评审，相关论文合计被引用超过95次（基于google scholar）。