技术型创业企业的商业模式形成规律及绩效作用机制研究

Why some Technological New Ventures (TNVs) grows than others not, even under the same initial condition? It attracts the interests of scholars from different disciplines including strategy, organization and entrepreneurship research. However the extant literature paid great attention to explain the reason why some TNVs grow faster than others while leaving the question of how TNVs grows unexplored. To fill the theoretical gaps, the proposal emphasized the essential role of business model during the growing process of TNVs and further explored the research question that how business model emerged and how entrepreneurial team choose the suitable growth strategy based on the given business? .Specifically, the proposal recognized two kinds of logic to design business model which is innovative logic and imitative logic respectively. As to innovative logic, entrepreneurial team takes great effort to design the innovative business planning comparing to the counterparts in the industry, while the imitative logic to simply copy the business model in the certain industry. Based on the definitions, the proposal attempt to explore how the characteristics of entrepreneurial team (including the experience, networks and knowledge) and the innovativeness of technological entrepreneurial opportunity influence the logic choice of business model designing. However, the learning mechanism is investigated during the process of business planning design. .Meanwhile, the proposal further exploring how entrepreneurial team how to choose growth strategy given the certain business model in order to promote the growth of TNVs. Specifically, two kinds of growth strategy are recognized namely resource-driven strategy and entrepreneurial-driven strategy respectively. Resource-driven strategy means that the growth is obtained by the exploitation of key resources of TNVs including internal and external resources, such as key capability and networks. While entrepreneurial-driven strategy emphasized the entrepreneurial effort of entrepreneurial teams, such as the exploration of new opportunity. And the moderation effects of external environment on the relationship between business model, growth strategy and TNVs performance..The potential theoretical contribution is showed below: firstly, the proposal may provide value added knowledge on how TNVs grows by emphasizing the essential role of business model as well as the research on the emergence of business model. Secondly, the proposal may contribute to the literature on strategy management by providing the evidence of the difference between business model and strategy, although the extant literature argues that business model is related to value creation while strategy is to obtain competitive advantage. Thirdly, the research efforts may extend the current research on TNVs to the context of emerging economies like China.

以海归创业、跨国创业以及天生全球化的技术型创业企业不断涌现为契机，针对技术型创业企业商业模式的研究日趋活跃，但对于商业模式如何形成、商业模式与战略选择互动关系的研究仍很匮乏。本研究立足于技术型创业企业成长早期，采用跟踪式案例调查与大样本问卷调查相互验证的研究设计，在澄清商业模式形成的创新过程和模仿过程基础上，突出创业团队与技术机会之间匹配关系的情境作用，挖掘不同情境诱发创新过程的可能性与程度大小，并进一步以"商业模式- - 成长战略- - 绩效"模型为基础，依托资源基础理论、战略创业学派等理论知识，挖掘基于商业模式的成长战略选择及绩效作用机制，并进一步考察环境特征对该机制的约束作用。目的在于揭示商业模式形成规律，探索技术型创业企业的成长实现方式，深化对商业模式与战略关系的理论认识。研究结果有助于强化创业实践的科学性，补充、强化创业教育的理论基础，为创业政策制定和创业环境建设提供科学依据。

商业模式是创业企业成长的重要驱动力，也是在位企业塑造竞争优势的新来源，已成为组织与战略研究的热点话题。本项目聚焦“如何将商业模式构念化”、“商业模式如何形成”以及“商业模式与战略互动影响技术型创业企业的机制”三个研究问题，采用案例研究、问卷调查和二手数据编码的研究设计，取得了重要研究成果：（1）基于商业模式与战略互动的理论设计，以2013年1月1日至2016年3月30日年间挂牌的1013家互联网与信息技术行业的新三板企业为对象，采用二手数据编码的设计，构建了创业企业成长动态跟踪数据库（Chinese Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Development, CPSED II）。CPSED II采用二手数据编码的设计创造性的解决了商业模式研究中的测量问题，有助于在系统而非局部要素或活动层面认识并观测企业间商业模式的差异及其程度，搭建了重要的数据平台，对于进一步深化商业模式研究必将产生重要的推动作用。（2）基于商业模式构念化以及生成过程，在将商业模式划分为交易内容、交易结构和交易治理三维度基础上，探索了创新性商业模式形成的两条路径：一是基于外部网络和内部学习互动的双重机制诱发商业模式内容创新；二是高管团队认知结构经由意义建构过程诱发商业模式设计的创新过程的内在机制。针对上述研究内容，课题研究已出版标注学术专著1部，发表标注学术论文31篇，会议论文7篇。其中，SSCI期刊英文论文2篇（其中1篇发表于创业领域内顶级学术刊物），《管理世界》杂志发表论文3篇，自然科学基金委A类重要学术刊物论文2篇，B类重要学术刊物论文11篇，CSSCI论文9篇，其他刊物英文学术论文2篇，3篇论文被中国人民大学报刊复印资料转载。基于目前正在进行的CPSED II数据库开发，未来会进一步在商业模式生成过程及其与战略互动的绩效作用机制方面产生系列化研究成果。