In heart failure, arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels are elevated that activate tubular V2 receptor (V2R), increase aquaporin-2 (AQP-2) in collecting ducts, leading to water retention and diuretic resistance. Recently, using glucocorticoids to treat refractory decompensated heart failure has been recommended to overcome diuretic resistance; however the mechanisms remain unclear. In our preliminary experiment, we found that glucocorticoids could lower AVP axis, i.e. lower AVP levels, down-regulate tubular V2R density, and reduce AQP-2 expression in collecting ducts, resulting in a dramatic diuresis. Based on our previous findings, we postulate there might be there mechanisms. First, glucocorticoids activate hypothalamic natriuretic peptide system that inhibits posterior lobe of the pituitary gland to generate and release of AVP. Second, glucocorticoids activate renal natriuretic peptide system that inhibits tubular V2R density, reduces AQP-2 expression in collecting ducts. Third, glucocorticoids directly repress the expression of V2R gene in collecting ducts, reduces AQP-2 expression. To clarify the mechanisms, we will use cell model, heart failure model, membrane protein analysis, gene knockout technology, and radioligand receptor binding assay to reveal the diuretic mechanism induced by glucocorticoids.
心衰时,精氨酸加压素(AVP)释放增多,兴奋肾脏集合管AVP2型受体(V2R),集合管水通道蛋白-2(AQP-2)数量增加,对自由水的通透性增强,造成水潴留,是心衰发生利尿剂抵抗的机制之一。最近,国内外学者开始重视并推荐使用糖皮质激素治疗重症心衰伴利尿剂抵抗,但具体机制不明。在预实验中,我们发现心衰大鼠应用糖皮质激素后,AVP轴的功能被抑制,AVP浓度下降,肾脏集合管V2R表达下调,尿量增倍。根据前期研究,我们推测糖皮质激素抑制AVP轴的机制有三:1.激活下丘脑钠尿肽系统,抑制垂体后叶生成和释放AVP; 2. 激活肾脏钠尿肽系统,抑制了肾脏V2R表达,减少集合管AQP-2数量;3.通过基因调节机制下调了肾脏V2R表达,减少集合管AQP-2数量。为阐明其作用机制,本研究拟利用细胞模型、大鼠心衰模型、膜蛋白受体分析、基因敲除技术和放射配体受体结合分析等手段,揭示糖皮质激素的促利尿机制。
项目的背景.充血性心力衰竭是一种复杂的血流动力学障碍性疾病,临床上以进行性泵衰竭和液体潴留为主要表现。此时精氨酸加压素(arginine vasopressin, AVP)通道被激活,合成和释放AVP增多,AVP浓度增加。其主要与精氨酸加压素受体2(arginine vasopressin receptor 2, V2R)结合后发挥作用,参与调节水的重吸收,维持体液渗透压、血容量和血压。V2R激动后,使集合管细胞顶膜水通道蛋白2(aquaporin 2,AQP2)数量增多,对自由水的重吸收功能强,产生水潴留作用。反之,当V2R被抑制后,出现多尿现象。.糖皮质激素可选择性作用肾脏组织,诱导肾脏钠尿肽受体A(natriuretic peptide receptor A,NPR-A)基因转录增加,肾脏血管与肾脏集合管的NPR-A受体密度上调,钠尿肽系统激活,产生强大的利尿作用.主要研究内容.糖皮质激素有效抑制AVP轴,下调肾脏集合管V2R表达,降低集合管AQP-2的数量,促进肾脏对自由水的分泌。同时,阐明相关机制。.重要结果和关键数据.糖皮质激素通过上调NPR-A表达,来抑制血清和糖皮质激素调节蛋白激酶1(Serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1,SGK1)表达,且有效抑制AVP轴,下调肾脏集合管V2R表达,降低集合管AQP-2的数量,促进肾脏对自由水的分泌。.科学意义.糖皮质激素可以有效抑制AVP轴,减少AVP的释放,下调肾脏集合管V2R表达,降低集合管AQP-2的数量,促进肾脏对自由水的分泌,改善利尿剂抵抗,这为应用糖皮质激素治疗心力衰竭伴利尿剂抵抗提供理论依据,为开发新药寻找新的治疗靶点。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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