基于误差预测的大型反射面天线抗风扰自适应控制补偿

Large reflector antenna has been widely used in radio astronomy, satellite communications, deep space exploration and other fields. In order to improve the gain and resolution of antenna, on the one hand, it need to increase antenna’s diameter, resulting in narrowing the beam, so the pointing accuracy of the antenna is getting higher and higher; on the other hand, it need to enhance its working frequency band, which leads to a phenomenon that the influence of the structural and environmental factors on the electrical performance is more significant. The increase of antenna aperture makes antenna structure stiffness reduced, and excessive windward area caused the impact of wind disturbance is more prominent. The combination of the two factors not only causes the rotation angle error increase, often also cause the antenna to flexibly vibrate. Thereby, it will result in antenna electrical performance significantly decreased. The traditional method analyzed and compensated the rotation angle error without considering the pointing error caused by structure distortion, so it failed to achieve effective against the purpose of wind disturbance. Therefore, starting by the influence mechanism of pointing error under the wind disturbance, it studies the relationship between the "wind field - displacement field - electromagnetic field". Based on the error prediction of the self-adaptation compensation mechanism and others, it breakthrough key technology such as the modeling analysis of the antenna pointing error caused by wind, the prediction of the stochastic wind disturbance, the self-adaptive regulatory and so on, which could laid a solid foundation for the development of high frequency large reflector antenna of the next generation.

大型反射面天线广泛应用于射电天文、卫星通讯、深空探测等领域。为了提高天线的增益和分辨率，一方面要求增大其口径，致使波束变窄，因此对天线的指向精度要求愈来愈高；另一方面要求提升其工作频段，从而导致结构和环境因素对电性能的影响愈发显著。随着天线口径的增大，结构刚度降低，同时过大的迎风面积致使风扰的影响也更加突出，二者综合作用不仅使得天线转轴误差增大，往往还会引起天线的柔性振荡，从而导致其性能显著下降。传统方法仅针对转轴误差给予分析和补偿，忽略了结构变形对指向的影响，不能达到有效抵御风扰的目的。为此，本项目拟从风扰对指向的影响机理出发，研究“风场-位移场-电磁场”之间的表征关系以及基于误差预测的自适应补偿机制等科学问题，突破风扰对天线指向误差影响的建模分析、随机指向误差预测和自适应调控等关键技术，为下一代高频段大型反射面天线的研制奠定坚实的基础。

大型反射面天线以其高增益、高分辨率的特点，被广泛应用于卫星通信、深空探测、射电天文等领域。然而，风载荷对天线指向精度的影响已成为其服役过程中难以逾越的障碍，严重影响了天线的观测性能。高指向精度的保障，不仅涉及结构与电磁场的耦合分析，还需考虑性能劣化后，基于优化控制的有效保障，进而扩充面向性能的优化设计维度。因此，本项目面向大型反射面天线在风扰下的性能分析与补偿问题，从风扰对指向的影响机理出发，研究了“风场-位移场-电磁场”之间的表征关系，建立了面向控制的多场耦合模型，提出了风场重构、风速预测方法，及基于误差预测的自适应控制补偿机制，突破了风扰对天线指向误差影响的建模分析、随机指向误差预测和自适应调控等关键技术，有效提升了高性能天线在风扰动下的指向性能，可为下一代高频段大型反射面天线的设计、研制、服役提供有力的理论支撑和保障。相关成果已得到行业专家的一致认可，并与中国科学院新疆天文台、中国物理工程研究院电子工程研究所等单位达成协议，获得了初步转化应用，圆满实现了项目预期目标。