浆果花色苷对高脂膳食诱导氧化应激的干预作用及机制研究

With growth in the living standard, dietary patterns with high energy density, intake too much fat occur in urban and rural residents. The increased energy intake can cause strong energy metabolic rate, which produces numerous active oxygen species and consequently induces oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is harmful to human health. Supplying with natural edible antioxidant substances is beneficial to improve oxidative stress. However, there are few reports on the utilization for edible antioxidants and the influencing factors of its nutrition function in vivo, so it is not beneficial to evaluate the antioxidant nutrition and its rationally utilization. Therefore, the present study investigate the intervention effect of berry anthocyanin on high-fat induced oxidative stress by the vitro dynamic simulation gastrointestinal digestion model, high-fat induced oxidative stress cell and animal model, then explore the mechanism by molecular biology techniques and methods; subsequently reveal the efficacy material difference with modern analysis technology, such as mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance technology, and etc. The present study is an innovative subject with practical application, which will extend the knowledge of edible antioxidants on the molecular nutrition research and provide dietary guidance to promote the human health.

近年来人类膳食结构普遍趋向高脂密度，致使机体代谢副产物活性氧增加，诱发氧化应激，严重威胁人类健康。可食用抗氧化物质，能够有效干预氧化应激，对于人体健康具有促进作用。然而，目前对于可食用抗氧化物质在体内的利用率、影响其营养功能发挥的因素等问题鲜有报道，这不利于可食用抗氧化物质的营养分析与合理利用。因此，本项目通过构建动态模拟胃肠道消化与抗氧化活性的评价模型，高脂诱导氧化应激细胞模型、动物模型，探究浆果花色苷的抗氧化活性与干预氧化应激的相互关系，应用分子生物学技术和方法研究不同浆果花色苷对高脂氧化应激的干预作用及机制，结合质谱和核磁共振等现代分析技术进一步深入研究不同浆果花色苷功效差异产生的物质基础，扩充了可食用抗氧化物质在分子营养层面的基础研究，为合理膳食、维持人体健康提供科学依据和技术支持，这将是一项具有重要实际应用意义的基础开拓性研究课题。

长期摄入高脂膳食易使机体产生过多自由基，处于过度氧化应激状态，增加患肥胖、糖尿病等慢性病的风险。花色苷是人们膳食中常见的水溶性多酚物质，其抗氧化、抗肥胖的生理功能日益受到人们关注。. 本项目采用现代分离纯化技术对常见浆果（桑果、蓝莓、樱桃、树莓）花色苷进行分离和鉴定；通过建立油酸诱导HepG2 体外氧化应激模型和高脂膳食诱导氧化应激动物模型，探究了花色苷对高脂诱导肥胖偶联氧化应激的干预作用。研究发现樱桃花色苷和桑果花色苷抑制小鼠体重增加率分别为 29.6 %, 32.7 %，均有改善脂质在肝脏和血清中积累、降低血糖，瘦素以及 MDA 水平、升高 SOD 及 GPX 活性；下调 TNF-α、IL-6、 iNOS 、NF-кB 等基因表达；人工种植蓝莓花色苷减少体重增加率为 19.4%，显著降低血糖水平、使白色脂肪细胞体积变小、改善脂质水平、显著下调 TNF-α、IL-6、PPAR、FAS 基因表达；蓝莓、红树莓和黑莓花色苷均显著降低小鼠血清MDA含量，显著提高肝脏T-SOD含量，显著升高血清GSH-Px水平及粪便短链脂肪酸含量，显著下调IL-6、TNF-α、NF-кB 水平，代谢组学研究表明浆果花色苷会影响肝脏内乙醇胺、L-半胱氨酸和丝氨酸等代谢物质的含量，这些物质与甘油磷脂、胰岛素和谷胱甘肽代谢有关，推测花色苷可能通过影响谷胱甘肽代谢干预高脂诱导氧化应激。. 总之，膳食浆果花色苷可以有效缓解高脂膳食诱导氧化应激，进而降低慢病的发病率。