高冲击动作中在体膝关节6自由度运动学和动力学载荷研究

The lower extremity of the human body often bear a great articular load due to high impact activities, which has been widely accepted as a major risk factor for knee injuries and osteoarthritis. However, comprehensive understanding of the in vivo knee kinematics and loads has met a bottleneck so far both in theory and technology. A novel synchronized high-speed biplane fluoroscopic imaging system and motion capture system, accompanied with an automatic 2D–3D fluoroscopic image-model registration technique as well as an explicit dynamic 6DOF finite element model of the knee, will be used to 1) measure the 3D in vivo knee kinematics and kinetics of healthy participants during high-speed and high-impact activities; 2) establish an individualized 6DOF finite element model of the knee in order to further simulate the biomechanical contact features the loading rate of the articular cartilage and meniscus; 3) build relationships between movement and loading both on the external / internal and temporal / spatial aspects; 4) explore the potential risk factors and possible biomechanical mechanism of knee joint injuries and diseases with knee kinematics, kinetics and dynamics characteristics. These results will provide valuable information for the improvement of sports training, the pathology treatment, and the rehabilitation program of the knee joint injury.

高冲击运动中人体下肢所承受的巨大关节负荷，被认为是造成膝关节损伤和慢性退行性骨关节病的重要原因。但到目前为止，准确认识和理解高冲击运动过程中在体膝关节的三维运动和载荷仍存在理论和技术上的瓶颈。本研究拟采用国际领先的高速双平面正交高速荧光成像技术和运动捕捉系统，结合医学影像二维/三维关节自动配准技术、个体6自由度运动驱动膝关节动态有限元建模等方法，系统研究：① 正常人高速、高冲击性动作过程中在体膝关节结构连续且完整的运动学和动力学特征；② 建立个体化6自由度膝关节有限元模型，获取在体膝关节运动过程中内部骨骼、软骨等结构的生物力学载荷特征；③ 结合逆向动力学等宏观生物力学分析，建立运动和负荷特征在内/外部和时/空上的耦合关系；④ 引起膝关节损伤和关节疾病的运动学以及动力学潜在危险因素和可能的生物力学新机制，为进一步改进运动训练方法、完善膝关节损伤的预防、治疗和康复奠定理论和方法学基础。

高冲击运动中人体下肢所承受的巨大关节负荷，被认为是造成膝关节损伤和慢性退行性骨关节病的重要原因。本研究① 自主研发了国际领先、国内首套高速双平面荧光透视成像系统，搭建了该系统、三维运动捕捉系统和三维测力系统组成的从宏观到微观全面分析关节内部骨性结构和软组织运动的测试平台；② 整合并开发适用于采集运动速度较快的高冲击动作的系统分析软件，结合个体6自由度膝关节模型，医学影像二维/三维关节自动配准技术等方法，验证了该平台测试结果的有效性；③ 获取和对比受试者完成高冲击和低冲击动作，在体膝关节完整、连续的6自由度运动特征及差异，并将其与运动捕捉系统结果进行对比分析；④ 利用个性化骨骼和软骨模型，深入分析探讨高冲击动作膝关节软骨连续、完整的接触特征。在综合上述研究的基础上，探讨引起膝关节损伤和关节疾病的潜在危险因素和可能的生物力学新机制，并进一步探讨改进运动训练方法、完善膝关节损伤的预防、治疗和康复的方法，最终完成理解损伤机理、科学预防损伤发生的目标。